tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-52702719797346988932024-03-13T21:41:19.786-07:00alternative agendas/cities, ecologies and travel diaries/Sandra Fremhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16087381306984010856noreply@blogger.comBlogger51125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5270271979734698893.post-30360843073742330542012-12-03T05:57:00.000-08:002012-12-03T05:57:24.301-08:00Venice Biennale 2012pictogram of my visit to the Biennale last september. the theme this year was common ground, a rather vague subject in a time where architecture is called for broadcasting more engaged agendas vis-a-vis contemporary challenges.<br />
interesting exhibits revolved around cool objects and fabrication ( Zaha, H&M, Alvar Alto\Finnish Pavilion, Pavilion of Nordic Countries, 1-1 details exhibit); Media ( Norman Foster, David Chipperfield), Environment ( Icelandic Pavilion), Geography ( opening exhibit), Reinterpretation of the Campo Di Marzio, and<i> some</i> social agendas ( housing, urban agriculture).<br />
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<br />Sandra Fremhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16087381306984010856noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5270271979734698893.post-70132980582710669662012-11-02T08:20:00.001-07:002012-11-12T08:30:21.541-08:00The Right to Nature<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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Nature has always been a luxury in Beirut. Landscaped spaces of the BCD require high-maintenance, the Beirut Pine Park is closed off the commoners for fear of vandalism, small gardens here and there lack the generous green lawns to picnic or nap on.<br />
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Yet in Beirut, every empty plot, public or private, is open to building rather than greening speculations. </div>
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Land owned by the municipality/state give rise to governmental building developments rather than urban parks.</div>
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It is no secret that the key to a healthy urban life is to have easy, walkable access to recreational public green space, among other amenities. </div>
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In order to make an impact, such green space needs to be at the scale of the city, and not only at the size of small neighborhoods. Take the central park in New York, the Emerald Necklace in Boston, and the Gold Gate Park in San Francisco, and the urban parks of Berlin, Rio, Paris as an example. Take the numerous riverside promenades and even the smaller creeks green walks in different cities across the globe. They are essential to the healthy functioning of their cities and people.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUKTGrSYdvpRhsNtgzFoU8u6AKoom_BQ_5ovKpnV8_oPuyYfRcgKjeh87ISjWl0rTiVgcjIzfEJqAMs8CSqF0fPeXf4Zzf_Jxl9L6M31iAht9uUXw_WuHzvvVfICYWzlHAqo8BogaLEbQ/s1600/Central-Park-Map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="255" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUKTGrSYdvpRhsNtgzFoU8u6AKoom_BQ_5ovKpnV8_oPuyYfRcgKjeh87ISjWl0rTiVgcjIzfEJqAMs8CSqF0fPeXf4Zzf_Jxl9L6M31iAht9uUXw_WuHzvvVfICYWzlHAqo8BogaLEbQ/s400/Central-Park-Map.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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On the other hand, the difference with cities like Mumbai, Cairo, and Beirut is the deliberate indifference of decisions makers to such need, resulting in cities with no "lungs" to breathe, an omnipresent crowdedness, and no alternation between noise/silence, concrete/ green, stress/ relaxation.<br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">below: Aerial photo of a Cairo district. <span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 4px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 4px;">© Michael Poliza Photography</span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 4px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 4px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">above: The Tiengarten Park in Berlin.</span></span></div>
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Beirut's small gardens cannot fulfill the existing blatant need. To recognize this priority and work for it is strategic in order to transform Beirut from a hard concrete jungle into a more humane environment. </div>
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This urban transformation will directly impact the well-being, mental health, and character of its citizens, and will lead to a physical and social evolution/revolution of how we perceive and experience the city.</div>
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Such issue is- as eloquently put by the french architect Claude Parent in this Paris' suburb poster ( above image), a source for bottom up urban activism to counter governmental lack of action.</div>
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Sandra Fremhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16087381306984010856noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5270271979734698893.post-37439618096282936882012-09-05T03:03:00.001-07:002012-09-05T03:42:15.399-07:00amazing beirut<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6bZU9A0uzSET3Y-J4mp7NE6ffCi74Pb-UkjWsWd9H3l-OY024M2G0gtGU0PotxvCxNSiyvAJ36NP-pH-By10xLYCrQ1vhPg-dprKGaWsj1ZfUEfoUts_O0R7ZNV0DqY1Qmh_bhuwl4W4/s1600/beirut-lebanon-cityscape-urban-density.jpg.492x0_q85_crop-smart.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6bZU9A0uzSET3Y-J4mp7NE6ffCi74Pb-UkjWsWd9H3l-OY024M2G0gtGU0PotxvCxNSiyvAJ36NP-pH-By10xLYCrQ1vhPg-dprKGaWsj1ZfUEfoUts_O0R7ZNV0DqY1Qmh_bhuwl4W4/s1600/beirut-lebanon-cityscape-urban-density.jpg.492x0_q85_crop-smart.jpg" /></a></div>
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Beirut Cityscape. Source: Green prophet.</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><b>amazing beirut</b> is a new project by the beirut municipality aiming to pump up the green in the grey goo that is Beirut. According to the project's director, Nadim Abu Risk, the main strategy to achieve this target is to rehabilitate existing spaces like public gardens, roundabouts and sideroads.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse; font-family: inherit;">In this Orient le Jour <a href="http://www.lorientlejour.com/numero/5011/article/776142/La_municipalite_de_Beyrouth__se_lance_dans_un_plan_de__rehabilitation_des_espaces_verts.html"><b>article</b></a>, he says:</span></div>
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<i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse;">«L’un des principaux axes sur lequel nous travaillons est la réhabilitation et l’aménagement d’espaces verts, explique M. Abourizk. Si l’on fait un bilan de la situation à Beyrouth, nous constatons qu’il y a des routes, du trafic, de la pollution, des zones délabrées et des espaces verts en déclin. Ces espaces verts sont les jardins publics, les terre-pleins routiers (comme ceux de Ramlet el-Baïda), et les îlots de verdure (type rond-point).»</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse;"><br /></span></span></i></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse;">«Le projet Amazing Beirut vise à réaliser différents objectifs, ajoute-t-il. Promouvoir la conscience environnementale de la population pour rendre les modes de vie plus responsables, augmenter la superficie d’espaces verts et améliorer la qualité de ceux déjà existants, et améliorer les capacités de la municipalité en matière de Partenariats privé-public (PPP).»</span></i></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; border-collapse: collapse;"><br /></span></i></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">In order to achieve a green Beirut i would argue that the strategy should be to aggressively acquire and convert the last open spaces in Beirut to green urban parks- using PPP( public private partnerships), rather than just rehabilitate the few micro-parcels the city already has .</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">To establish a green consciousness among citizens is to give them significant green space for their recreation, and to install among them this culture to go to an urban park to relax.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Are roundabouts and sideroads and existing gardens spaces of relaxation/recreation? I doubt that.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Such gardens are so tiny one can still hear the horns and inhale the CO2 emissions of the nearby road. One cannot even start a 5mn walk due to the small size of these garden. and these gardens' catchment area will definitely not expand after rehabilitation.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Looking at the 0.8% percentage of green m2 per person in Beirut ( we really have this much?), The municipality should get Beirut new urban parks of consistent size, to be rightly called its green lungs.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Why not use the railyards of Abed and Mar Mikhael Station as temporary urban parks? Why not rehabilitate the sewer that is Nahr Beirut to a green corridor? What about Horsh Beirut that remains closed to locals but open to tourists? </span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnBWv-xBNXtDsFgEW0IN10GfQA-F9TXbTZaTdRbpg6E6xoa5mnK9jTYfZ3uK-GvOVbfSWliUmYwmronJtHRaud79aSXyLhyphenhyphenFwDhCPIvZmT0sVk80ISKSICE2f8V0pTBzfn4nuBWD9Ivjg/s1600/SITE.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnBWv-xBNXtDsFgEW0IN10GfQA-F9TXbTZaTdRbpg6E6xoa5mnK9jTYfZ3uK-GvOVbfSWliUmYwmronJtHRaud79aSXyLhyphenhyphenFwDhCPIvZmT0sVk80ISKSICE2f8V0pTBzfn4nuBWD9Ivjg/s1600/SITE.jpg" /></span></a></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Mar Mikhael Railyard.courtesy of author</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjf8sStDc3INZkok8azeRJZH-xegJVJ18JcXncMPW_rgDdtYAx56IDrAbPo8DH5z39tsS9cffAcCitK-RzyBqytJJjVMx_f4ZtbwN2VIHY-dsArMZt458mJIIr5K0H_q2g749Lh41WTEkY/s1600/plan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjf8sStDc3INZkok8azeRJZH-xegJVJ18JcXncMPW_rgDdtYAx56IDrAbPo8DH5z39tsS9cffAcCitK-RzyBqytJJjVMx_f4ZtbwN2VIHY-dsArMZt458mJIIr5K0H_q2g749Lh41WTEkY/s1600/plan.jpg" /></span></a></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Mar Mikhael as Urban Park- FYP Proposal.courtesy of author</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Nahr Beirut Waterfront. courtesy of author</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Wetland Park at the Waterfront. [Trans]forming Nahr Beirut. courtesy of author</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4-9DELVGdY6rkpWUXKfWJD4X6rYB4Eqpv9etJiu313sg4bsPzXQlSvuEi4mjYeGlXZEU-0yevNG6pH01BJrJIhrYYBrVG9cUevTDUhCNFNd0sAnJlb-vhY8hq932H5c-ssUcY4mtIrHw/s1600/Nahr+Beirut.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4-9DELVGdY6rkpWUXKfWJD4X6rYB4Eqpv9etJiu313sg4bsPzXQlSvuEi4mjYeGlXZEU-0yevNG6pH01BJrJIhrYYBrVG9cUevTDUhCNFNd0sAnJlb-vhY8hq932H5c-ssUcY4mtIrHw/s1600/Nahr+Beirut.jpg" /></span></a></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Nahr Beirut at Bourj Hammoud.[Trans]forming Nahr Beirut. courtesy of author</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">It is not enough to talk about rehabilitating Beirut's tiny little gardens in order to improve the current situation. We need drastic measures, at the scale of the city. We need campaigns to pump up environmental consciousness and behavior.We need pedestrian mobility and less car-centered streets.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">The way the municipality is approaching the issue, the "amazing beirut" project is way too shy to be relevant. its outcome will certainly remain far from fulfilling Beirutis' deprivation of public green space. its </span>honorable intentions are not coming with the right scale of action that is much needed.<br />
<br />Sandra Fremhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16087381306984010856noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5270271979734698893.post-46637915069284014612012-07-24T02:04:00.001-07:002012-07-24T02:04:37.404-07:00olympic cities<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">As it has been historical proven, the olympics is a global branding <span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 20px;">urban project with long-term economic, social, and environmental consequences. it is noteworthy to read this archdaily article on the subject, <b><a href="http://www.archdaily.com/242480/how-not-to-host-the-olympics/">how NOT to host the olympics</a>. </b></span></span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">olympic cities report. via XML</td></tr>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 20px;">In this other <u><a href="http://www.archdaily.com/256245/olympic-cities-the-netherlands-as-game-changer-xml/">article</a></u>, it is interesting to look at olympic bidding as a major form of projective city planning, and at some snippets of the <u><a href="http://us1.campaign-archive1.com/?u=a821cbf628d244f1424ce53b2&id=bf8a809166&e=1f5662799d">Olympic Cities Report</a></u>, prepared by <u><a href="http://public.x-m-l.org/">XML</a></u>. I am looking forward to read more.</span></span><br />
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<tr><td align="left" class="defaultText" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-right-style: none; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; color: dimgrey; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 7px;" valign="top"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><strong>XML has completed a comparative study on Olympic candidatures commissioned by the Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment and Atelier Making Projects. The study placed Dutch aspirations to host the 2028 Olympic Games in an international perspective by comparing the various bids by Madrid, Istanbul, Doha and Tokyo for the 2020 Games and the South African bid for the 2024 Games. Furthermore, XML developed three models for a possible Dutch bid for the 2028 Games. On the eve of the London Olympics, the two parts of this study are combined in the publication 'Olympic Cities: the Netherlands as Game Changer.'</strong></span></td></tr>
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</tbody></table>Sandra Fremhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16087381306984010856noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5270271979734698893.post-11525723064932899022012-07-24T01:38:00.003-07:002012-08-21T06:36:28.103-07:00catching up- the city as a system or military urbanism<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">i know in the past few months(!), I was highly inactive writing and blogging, but i'm back now to share interesting things i stumble on occasionally, until i restore a wishful pace. </span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">So for today, i feature excerpts from an interesting article by </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;">David J. Kilcullen (former Senior Advisor to General David Petraeus in Iraq in 2007 and author of the bestselling books The Accidental Guerrilla and Counterinsurgency), featured on <b><a href="http://gt2030.com/">Global Trends 2030</a></b>. </span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;">In this article, David analyzes three megatrends in developing coastal cities: urbanization, littoralization and connectedness as well as their implications for future conflict.</span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwl-7konzNNBRp3Mdrm6f1pm0hNe50vTKGzJKpiiS_ztzFDyw82_oR3fktY3i4H_VcQMKdc07Aufl0WpB05B2FhnIJpF8uMilVeevJpXHSQzUf-y1OC7SL0ahsSeaFl0kN8Bsvtc5HYK4/s1600/Untitled.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="296" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwl-7konzNNBRp3Mdrm6f1pm0hNe50vTKGzJKpiiS_ztzFDyw82_oR3fktY3i4H_VcQMKdc07Aufl0WpB05B2FhnIJpF8uMilVeevJpXHSQzUf-y1OC7SL0ahsSeaFl0kN8Bsvtc5HYK4/s400/Untitled.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">image courtesy of the author</td></tr>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 20px;"><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>' the city-as-a-system approach can be applied as a methodology to identify how complex problems that may appear unrelated...interact with each other in the context of a given city or threat network. Taking this approach may allow planners to identify emergent patterns within the complex adaptive system of a relevant city, make sense of the system logic, and thus </b></span></span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 20px;"><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>begin to design tailored interventions.'</b></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 19px;">This era’s unprecedented urbanization is concentrated in the least developed areas of Asia, Latin America and Africa. The data shows that coastal cities are about to be swamped by a human tide that will force them to absorb—in less than 40 years—almost the entire increase in population absorbed by the whole planet, in all of recorded human history up to 1960. And virtually all this urbanization will happen in the world’s least developed areas, by definition the poorest equipped to handle it—a recipe for conflict, crises in health, education and governance, and food, energy and water scarcity. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 19px;">Rapid urbanization creates economic, social and governance challenges while simultaneously straining city infrastructure, making the most vulnerable cities less able to meet these challenges. The implications for future conflict are profound, with more people fighting over scarcer resources in crowded, under-serviced and under-governed urban areas.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;">In this model, the coastal city is the center of a larger system, with rural factors in the city’s hinterland—including environmental degradation, poor rural infrastructure, and rural conflict—prompting rapid urbanization. This creates </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><em style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-style: italic; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ad</em></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><em style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-style: italic; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">hoc</em></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"> peri-urban settlements where slums and shantytowns displace land formerly used to provide food and other services to the city, and cover the rainfall catchment area for the city’s water supply. The city’s growth puts its infrastructure under stress, so that both the old urban core and the new peri-urban areas experience weak governance, crime, urban poverty, unemployment and conflict. Shortages of food, fuel, electricity and water exacerbate these problems. In turn, the city’s connectedness allows its population to tap into licit and illicit activities offshore, and to connect with global networks, including diaspora populations, an interaction that affects both local and international conflict dynamics.</span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 20px;"><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 20px;"><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">for the full article, click <u><a href="http://gt2030.com/2012/07/18/the-city-as-a-system-future-conflict-and-urban-resilience/">here</a></u></span></span></span></span></div>
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Sandra Fremhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16087381306984010856noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5270271979734698893.post-60465910007112133042012-04-28T12:51:00.001-07:002012-04-28T12:51:13.051-07:00<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
Join me at City Debates 2012 at AUB, May 3-5 where i will be talking about new approaches to Nahr Beirut and coastal rivers.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFtLwZoD-Z2XbTc_4FI8BBWBksn-YfhpfndTnur-7I7mK6s32WRsIP_ffjjxqL0jsJiIUWZjzWdfcnCUbAQrGrjnY1XZeN8zX9ulefC1-cDXlU9DW6lghHRo-NQJ3UUVjdA_nzaU0HC9Q/s1600/City+Debates+2012_Poster.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFtLwZoD-Z2XbTc_4FI8BBWBksn-YfhpfndTnur-7I7mK6s32WRsIP_ffjjxqL0jsJiIUWZjzWdfcnCUbAQrGrjnY1XZeN8zX9ulefC1-cDXlU9DW6lghHRo-NQJ3UUVjdA_nzaU0HC9Q/s640/City+Debates+2012_Poster.jpg" width="443" /></a></div>
<br />Sandra Fremhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16087381306984010856noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5270271979734698893.post-45877723906170181532011-11-19T12:43:00.000-08:002011-11-19T12:45:08.994-08:00Rem, OM Ungers: a discussion<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><i style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">The following is a short excerpt of a meeting between </span></i></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; line-height: 18px;"><i style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">architect Rem Koolhaas, Oswald Mathias Ungers and Hans-Ulrich Obrist. </span></i></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; line-height: 18px;"><i style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">interview runs 46 pages of </span><a href="http://www.anycorp.com/log/log.php?id=31" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; color: #0078ff; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Log 16</span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">.</span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></span><b style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Rem Koolhaas</span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> : I want to continue not with a flashback but with a flash-forward. You could say that after </span><a href="https://www.moma.org/collection/browse_results.php?criteria=O%3AAD%3AE%3A7988&page_number=1&template_id=1&sort_order=1" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; color: #0078ff; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Enschede</span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> , and with the rise of the market economy since the 1960s, architecture has become more and more shapeless and is powered by forces other than architectural interests. I think that, relatively speaking, the position of architecture is becoming weaker and weaker. So this approach – and this is why it is still pregnant for me – could be more appropriate than the imposition of ideal forms on a shapeless condition, which is what you propose now in most cases. Can you comment on that? </span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></span><b style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Oswald Mathias Ungers</span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> : I didn’t understand the question exactly. </span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></span><b style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">RK</span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> : I think the discovery or reinterpretation of found objects has a greater, or at least great, potential at the moment, especially now that all the recognized forms are evaporating and we are being confronted with these new conditions. This process could have a very strong impact – an impact that could counter this wave of generic egalitarianism with recognizable and “eternal” issues. </span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></span><b style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">OMU</span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> : There is a great misunderstanding among architects. They think they are inventors and always need to be avant-garde. But you cannot permanently exist as an avant-garde. That is impossible. But architecture can be carried forward in a dialectical process, meaning a confrontation with the existing or with that which one wants to provoke at a certain moment. From a morphological point of view – which is not exclusive but inclusive, and not contrary but complementary – you can assess that certain elements are missing that could be added. I will give you a banal example. In a certain area only four-story houses exist. But we know that people also live in single-family houses. And we also know that people live in high-rise buildings as well as many other building types. In order to have a complex living environment, and to have a complex architecture, it is possible that certain things need to be added to achieve this complexity. That is what we did, for example, with the </span><a href="http://www.kulturforum-berlin.com/" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; color: #0078ff; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Kulturforum</span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> project in Berlin. We said, if it’s a forum this means that all ideas and concepts should be gathered. So we gathered all the different existing museum types into one complex, all prototypes in their dialectical presence or argument. But it is always an intellectual process, which is necessary in order to be able to search. There is this famous </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphological_box" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; color: #0078ff; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Zwicky-Box</span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> , which I developed for myself.</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Zwicky" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; color: #0078ff; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: none; outline-width: initial; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Zwicky</span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> is a Swiss philosopher and a morphologist. The principle of the box is that for a certain assignment you make small boxes. Say, for example, you want to solve organizing parking spaces and are listing all possibilities – park one above the other, park one behind the other, park crossways, diagonally, etc. You can use the box to invent even more options. Or the problem of the terrace – the terrace can be open or closed, can be this or that, and so on. During the analysis or during the work itself, you already invent. You consider the entire complexity of a particular function and try to parse it morphologically. And the Zwicky-Box provides a set of tools – that’s how I use it – like a vocabulary. As if I were to develop the grammar for a language I would want to speak. And then – now comes the problem of emotion – comes the decision, when you speak. Through the sentence emotion is added – what you choose to say so that the sentence makes sense. And you must always provide a sense. It is also a matter of emotion and imagination. But you must first know the whole set of tools and have parsed them. Otherwise you will have no language; otherwise the syntax is at an end. Most of today’s architects are designing by taking a look at what is in fashion, what is useful, what is popular, what is done. For me they simply have become a speechless society of architects who can no longer articulate themselves at all. They sit down with a pencil and scribble and something is created, and then they present this attempt and fail. <br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" />The Enschede project has really almost been parsed academically for what we tried to do and then really failed to do. It has three basic shapes: circle, triangle, and square. All of the transformations are performed according to certain criteria. If not, it would lead to an infinite combination and you would drown. It becomes pointless. It becomes absurd. It no longer works. A counterbalance is needed to limit the possibilities, to regulate or, alternatively, to give this an objective. </span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></span><b style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Hans-Ulrich Obrist</span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> : But this is very interesting, because it is a question not unlike the one Sol LeWitt posed in art. There is a real parallel.</span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></span><b style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">OMU</span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> : There is indeed. And in Enschede we transformed it. You have individuals living here, and when this circle is divided, you get two semicircles and create group living. This story is then inverted and row and terrace housing are added so that the entire spectrum of living is parsed in the axis here fanned out with the square. Only with the triangle it is not formally possible, because again and again triangles emerge. </span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></span><b style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">HUO</span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> : Can it be said that the openness increases due to the constraint? </span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></span><b style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">OMU</span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> : Exactly. This research process was an important attempt, which in the end led to nothing but absurdity. If a further limitation, a function or situation had been added, then this could have led to something. It would have excluded certain combinations or made only certain combinations possible. </span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></span><b style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">RK</span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> : Yes. The interesting thing is that you describe this as a mistake – but at the same time, it is a gesture of an architectural language that now has conquered the world. </span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></span><b style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">OMU</span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> : I did not describe the project as a mistake, but rather the research that emerged from it. Given the euphoria during the project we wanted to offer the ultimate architectural catalogue. And that was the mistake. </span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></span><b style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">RK</span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> : Because what was adopted was the language, but not the content? </span></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" /></span><b style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">OMU</span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> : Exactly. The mistake was not in developing a proper syntax, but in turning it into an end product. The same thing happened with the three schools in Mayen.#8 One has several wings with a central inner corridor, one is terraced, and the third has an arcade with a wall. Or the project for the museum [for Prussian Culture] at the Berlin Tiergarten. It has nine squares as a basic organizational principle. Of course each of the individual museums has a variety of objects and artifacts, a variety of technical requirements, and different architectural demands from our side. The development of this simple, basic principle leads through superimposing additional layers to a differentiated museum complex. Each part is different and the whole is actually a dialectical relationship of different museum types.</span></span></span>Sandra Fremhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16087381306984010856noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5270271979734698893.post-22187315894018438402011-11-17T21:56:00.000-08:002011-11-17T21:57:27.856-08:00<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0Q_nZkolXB3cj1CiJvIQwRU5I0GXxw0usGQOa5dXeE4MAeR8Iowy8SUgCrt4e_vkn0s4TJYWvcvn4Vg9bu7qo49MvrjdGElEeWKd_45KULXJphurNW_J2XJgAh8AyZwKxpz0fAYqLliM/s1600/david+habchy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0Q_nZkolXB3cj1CiJvIQwRU5I0GXxw0usGQOa5dXeE4MAeR8Iowy8SUgCrt4e_vkn0s4TJYWvcvn4Vg9bu7qo49MvrjdGElEeWKd_45KULXJphurNW_J2XJgAh8AyZwKxpz0fAYqLliM/s400/david+habchy.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: center;">landscape clash at the Israeli/Lebanese Borderline. same land, different landuse.</div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">courtesy of David Habchy.</div>Sandra Fremhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16087381306984010856noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5270271979734698893.post-68518212605782172522011-11-16T06:02:00.003-08:002011-11-16T06:35:08.800-08:00Re:WATER<div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">click on link for presentation</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://issuu.com/sandrafrem/docs/re-water"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwbksXKKb0JqvVDAU1J5mMcp2hkD9SWlYKjqXbA3fooccjL2wogdbHaLt_DtSBt7ViVMwB0GoedW4vz_NH6sc0559Sg2nR_hwziwykVknw1apFGIaYgxJHKN6pg0l13dRm8HPjS5HqP7U/s1600/0.jpg" /></a></div><br />
<div style="text-align: left; width: 420px;"></div></div>Sandra Fremhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16087381306984010856noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5270271979734698893.post-49503103397195904962011-11-16T05:16:00.001-08:002011-11-16T05:18:06.304-08:00<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUqCYFVIk49V1GiOqlqWdKsYdS0Oj94k-TjaMqQe7_27J2teXnoInM9GD2-u8sLcB6azeGQDscrzfmnXhhkkN2tvxsWikMJzMamcnFNdMdnRnrF43ecOXsx3erUS1gd015C6UEAv9Z-tU/s1600/corbu+and+einstein.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br />
</a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">corbu and einstein</div><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUqCYFVIk49V1GiOqlqWdKsYdS0Oj94k-TjaMqQe7_27J2teXnoInM9GD2-u8sLcB6azeGQDscrzfmnXhhkkN2tvxsWikMJzMamcnFNdMdnRnrF43ecOXsx3erUS1gd015C6UEAv9Z-tU/s640/corbu+and+einstein.jpg" width="519" /><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://awesomepeoplehangingouttogether.tumblr.com/">via awesome people.</a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUqCYFVIk49V1GiOqlqWdKsYdS0Oj94k-TjaMqQe7_27J2teXnoInM9GD2-u8sLcB6azeGQDscrzfmnXhhkkN2tvxsWikMJzMamcnFNdMdnRnrF43ecOXsx3erUS1gd015C6UEAv9Z-tU/s1600/corbu+and+einstein.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br />
</a></div>Sandra Fremhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16087381306984010856noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5270271979734698893.post-45494014920824071902011-11-01T02:42:00.001-07:002011-11-01T02:42:56.510-07:00an architectural downfall parody<iframe src="http://player.vimeo.com/video/31317427?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0" width="400" height="265" frameborder="0" webkitAllowFullScreen allowFullScreen></iframe><p><a href="http://vimeo.com/31317427">Milstein's Downfall</a> from <a href="http://vimeo.com/user9078989">maestro</a> on <a href="http://vimeo.com">Vimeo</a>.</p>Sandra Fremhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16087381306984010856noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5270271979734698893.post-62371244764380141452011-10-24T03:09:00.000-07:002011-10-26T07:52:47.543-07:00Pecha Kucha Night<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhn6MCxgTvCQTX8cO9m99G3avRIxIHjkctDH-InCRLnvE-_1HOBVt392gyDlCNZpOmvO15JVdWAzRS1qbh-XdhqijitFk9MIvucHM08J45jGEvQeWS0lG18uIjuSu8gk4yxfUCBJ_XzlBo/s1600/PK12_20x10+cm.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhn6MCxgTvCQTX8cO9m99G3avRIxIHjkctDH-InCRLnvE-_1HOBVt392gyDlCNZpOmvO15JVdWAzRS1qbh-XdhqijitFk9MIvucHM08J45jGEvQeWS0lG18uIjuSu8gk4yxfUCBJ_XzlBo/s1600/PK12_20x10+cm.jpg" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_Fwu-JD7OHIh_Ec1Q9J2obQaEY3Qg-Rma1WeCcemDHfEhCOsfobWg0AaOemcejcYOu2nPjt3SaFbmH6k6vWaTb_eKe8lDVjKln0FywqYnRVhTyysjBeI74gIsAXAfHJJfXA_87NUtuEE/s1600/Re-Water.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_Fwu-JD7OHIh_Ec1Q9J2obQaEY3Qg-Rma1WeCcemDHfEhCOsfobWg0AaOemcejcYOu2nPjt3SaFbmH6k6vWaTb_eKe8lDVjKln0FywqYnRVhTyysjBeI74gIsAXAfHJJfXA_87NUtuEE/s1600/Re-Water.jpg" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;">I will be speaking at the 12th edition of the Pecha Kucha Night Beirut about strategies to re-water the Lebanese Coast. I look forward to share my work with the audience ( even in such a limited time!) and listen to the creative presentations.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;"></span>More on the event <u><a href="http://pecha-kucha.org/night/beirut/12">here</a>.</u></div>Sandra Fremhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16087381306984010856noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5270271979734698893.post-21361849212092234352011-09-20T02:21:00.000-07:002011-09-23T05:43:02.676-07:00Andrea Branzi on architecture in the age of information and consumption<div style="line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjETAKVmt4WkO52TeS9ubnMpOEEmNE7qlnS74LqOy1oD9NrWx1hXqTAKDS1M8UNfMlDWt6Mzto9mRC1A_oUjh-3uBFHS6jcwBWLKH8ZHUn_Rbz1Mi2n29qu2blLaoxzGno3FfwbV7LCkKs/s1600/andrea+branzi-the+weak+metropolis.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: justify;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjETAKVmt4WkO52TeS9ubnMpOEEmNE7qlnS74LqOy1oD9NrWx1hXqTAKDS1M8UNfMlDWt6Mzto9mRC1A_oUjh-3uBFHS6jcwBWLKH8ZHUn_Rbz1Mi2n29qu2blLaoxzGno3FfwbV7LCkKs/s1600/andrea+branzi-the+weak+metropolis.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">With the development of the electronic media and mass-culture, architecture has become something of a minor art. Even if by this reductive term one means all those cultural activities applied to minor structures and systems of communication, this distinction, however academic, may be of some schematic use in revealing the modifications in specific weight to which the various cultural techniques have been subjected in our society.</span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><div class="MsoNormal">Architecture, once considered the most complete and noble of the arts, has lost its pre-eminence not only because of the external difficulties of a political and economic nature that it has always encountered, but also because of a deep internal crisis now afflicting it as a result of modifications in the mechanisms of cultural production and of the urban function itself.
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Today the city is becoming more and more a structure offering services, a place merely to live in ; it is no longer one of society's cultural structures. </div><div class="MsoNormal">The communication carried out by architecture, based on the allegory of balances between man and his natural environment, is motionless in space and lacking in the depth of psychic penetration that the electronic media have achieved. </div><div class="MsoNormal">Today the city is no longer a cultural " place" but a "condition". Urban culture, in other words, is independent of the city as a place and it coincides with the culture of consumption.</div><div class="MsoNormal">To be an urbanite today does not mean to live in a city but to adopt a specific model of behaviour made up of a certain way of speaking, of printed and televised information, of a particular kind of clothing, of the music one listens to: wherever these media arrive, the city arrives. </div><div class="MsoNormal">There is no longer any culture external to the urban phenomenon in as much as there is no longer any countryside representing a real and logical alternative; there is no place which does not to some extent communicate with the city and Its models. The "urban condition" coincides with the social circulation of goods, which can be exported from any metropolitan area. </div><div class="MsoNormal">Every day millions of cubic metres of this new type of city are produced, and every day millions of cubic metres of city become rubbish, in keeping with the laws of a metabolism unknown to the immoveable equilibria of the city.
</div><div class="MsoNormal">The concept of culture itself is changing. </div><div class="MsoNormal">Until quite recently produced by a small group of intellectual professionals and consumed by a numberless mass of readers, visitors, subscribers, enthusiasts and voyeurs who had only to buy the book, disc or ticket, and were institutionally excluded from any right to produce or consume a private culture as a natural right (since culture is a higher and "universal" good, to produce which one must undergo a stressful series of exercises, tests, studies, examinations, consultation, and dedicate his life to it), culture, as I was saying, is now experienced as an immediate, spontaneous good, the direct product of a certain social behaviour and a model of consumption, an economic stimulus. </div><div class="MsoNormal">What we are witnessing here is the reversal of the traditional hierarchies; more importance is attributed to the window dresser, decorator, fashion designer, expert in colours, upholsterer, opinion leader, taster, make-up expert, etc. than to the "artist" intent on sending out allegorical messages to the world.
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Architectonic quality is much less important than the quality of the microclimate one experiences inside, and good acoustics are preferred to observance of the laws of composition ...
Architecture now becomes a "minor art" applied to the harmonious resolution of functional and structural problems and kept outside the real circuits determining the" quality of life" and culture.</div><div class="MsoNormal">The masterwork of architecture ended not only when culture became an article of consumption but when the profession definitely took the place of the art; as long as the schools of architecture were clubs for a few enthusiasts, methodological planning opened large areas of "creative" variations; but now that architectonic planning has to be taught to thousands of people, it is idle to think of introducing unknown quantities of any kind. </div><div class="MsoNormal">The number of unknown factors that architectonic planning is called on to resolve today has been reduced almost to zero.<br />
Variation in design consists of a simple compositional scheme often chosen at random without regard for different cultural areas, but only for the availability of elements differentiated on the industrial plane alone. Pasolinl claims that there are no longer any somatic differences between youths of the left and the right. It is also true that there are no ideologies capable of producing different results in the architectonic idiom.<br />
The long Italian battle fought against construction surveyors, responsible for the low cultural level of much urban architecture, is the result of a mistake rooted in the certainty long cultivated by the Modern Movement that there Is an indivisible identity between urban quality and civilization. </div><div class="MsoNormal">The quality that we ask of the city today has nothing to do with form or composition, but only with the quality of social services and the market. </div><div class="MsoNormal">For architects, the time has come for a bit of modesty ...</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></span></span></div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><b>Andrea Branzi, Radical Notes, 1975 (via </b><a href="http://www.n-d-l-r.blogspot.com/"><b>NDLR</b></a><b>)</b></span></span></span></span></div>Sandra Fremhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16087381306984010856noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5270271979734698893.post-35656668621489246702011-09-16T08:52:00.000-07:002011-09-20T02:41:14.463-07:00September Pursuits<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">Fall has been coming slowly. I feel it in the early morning breezes, the abunding apple harvest in my fridge, and the way darkness sneaks over Beirut by 7pm. I will be teaching a studio this semester at LAU, in which we explore alternative concepts for the public library in the age of information. I feel good about it and about getting back to teaching after a semester off.</div><div style="text-align: justify;">I would like to take the chance to refocus this month on reading and running. Maybe take this blog as a mean to post some reflections on my readings. I am looking to be in shape for the Beirut Marathon in December. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWbuu_zO4Rgn1mqjm9OtxZZa-Rd5EGpLmswmWEGupetyi97TABohvBXENVbtcoIRvQkgoYoNwvGG8KvblCfShAnn4z2sSar0_6AE91Z73E-5VbTl63FMuf0GiCd8Y4JUpY8VF9mrI9LmA/s1600/Course+Poster72dpi.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWbuu_zO4Rgn1mqjm9OtxZZa-Rd5EGpLmswmWEGupetyi97TABohvBXENVbtcoIRvQkgoYoNwvGG8KvblCfShAnn4z2sSar0_6AE91Z73E-5VbTl63FMuf0GiCd8Y4JUpY8VF9mrI9LmA/s1600/Course+Poster72dpi.jpg" /></a></div>Sandra Fremhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16087381306984010856noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5270271979734698893.post-4290979578135701142011-09-13T04:22:00.000-07:002011-09-26T04:19:38.833-07:00Berlin from A to Z<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">Berlin is a very special city, one that I truly admire, and that i got to visit last month. Destroyed twice by world wars, penalized, divided by a stupid, ugly wall; it has certainly overcome all these colossal constraints to regain its position as one of the most livable, vibrant cities. Even at the peak of its dark history and in the aftermath of the wars; the cultural, intellectual and nightlife scene has preserved their integrity and originality, as obvious in the exhibition <b><a href="http://www.berlinischegalerie.de/en/exhibitions/current-exhibitions/art-in-berlin-1880-1980.html">Art in Berlin 1880-1980</a></b> at the Berlinische Galerie. Unlike Beirut, war has not over-monopolized post-war arts, cinema and intellectual discourse. It has not served as a pretext for mediocrity and cultural decline.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">Due to its division by two opposite regimes since the fifties, the city grew in opposite directions. As East Berlin undertook a socialist lifting in architecture and urbanism, conserving a pedestrian scale; West Berlin branched out to adapt to a car scale development, typical of the sixties new towns.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">While it is East Berlin that most of the tourists walk by foot, West Berlin is perceived for a first time visitor as a monumental sequence of civic buildings, embassies and museums with parks, promenades and miles in between. and for that, a bike is a must.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">Due to having two parliaments, two national opera houses, and two of each civic monument during the cold war era, Berlin is today what i call a double city. Abundant with well-documented memorials, it is a city that not only has a strong collective memory, but also moved on successfully beyond its violent past, turning its scars to witty architectural landmarks.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">A like Architecture</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYFEeUYhe5X3NSqf77CONMV4kragAP6fC8RkAw48HGecNX-RDdg5KRxRsg9LGvX9Sb4kXJ1wOfKqgWFq4Rr5PcaFX-h4tdRHy0UK_SWCO3H1pFFLusFJM2L6NQ4TCfJdVs3q1PUSP8ajM/s1600/DSC03539s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYFEeUYhe5X3NSqf77CONMV4kragAP6fC8RkAw48HGecNX-RDdg5KRxRsg9LGvX9Sb4kXJ1wOfKqgWFq4Rr5PcaFX-h4tdRHy0UK_SWCO3H1pFFLusFJM2L6NQ4TCfJdVs3q1PUSP8ajM/s1600/DSC03539s.jpg" /></a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6ueZU9tjeOvlcHRCYeEX3WP8wRGAyOoQHY6FY0Wd5HV_QZJIlz8kRz8Y4o9UKK-QF1DNCn5alUCGlDFNK6qA1LmI4T1pnbeyM_Vb7XbMexeiDPvwUK8QUnYBizLq1XEnbPZ0oAr8XT_g/s1600/DSC03573s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6ueZU9tjeOvlcHRCYeEX3WP8wRGAyOoQHY6FY0Wd5HV_QZJIlz8kRz8Y4o9UKK-QF1DNCn5alUCGlDFNK6qA1LmI4T1pnbeyM_Vb7XbMexeiDPvwUK8QUnYBizLq1XEnbPZ0oAr8XT_g/s1600/DSC03573s.jpg" /></a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUW-kZv9mG7X9HTaH2iBqf9ULP0Gffdn5c6y01NlvJWKcV3W45izHn2oH4f9wA4Bo8Xwc7f6eVrX6czCo0ifsmLIoO81UG00-ec7I6ZlDXKSyJVVW_6vtBzoElF571MLQrc9zEfmDsg_Y/s1600/DSC03646s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUW-kZv9mG7X9HTaH2iBqf9ULP0Gffdn5c6y01NlvJWKcV3W45izHn2oH4f9wA4Bo8Xwc7f6eVrX6czCo0ifsmLIoO81UG00-ec7I6ZlDXKSyJVVW_6vtBzoElF571MLQrc9zEfmDsg_Y/s1600/DSC03646s.jpg" /></a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMPXbrloef9hyS27fzji-PvWYT7y2f29p3HEtQ5E9pvjV1vPiifDYvj7dAxAuo8h0pc98DEeUBaAdxssoKzwfZhk30xQ2bwIUnMJsxiuYHtIz4VWtrCgDrMLwkjQPsnPLirvnLHr0fDCk/s1600/DSC03691s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMPXbrloef9hyS27fzji-PvWYT7y2f29p3HEtQ5E9pvjV1vPiifDYvj7dAxAuo8h0pc98DEeUBaAdxssoKzwfZhk30xQ2bwIUnMJsxiuYHtIz4VWtrCgDrMLwkjQPsnPLirvnLHr0fDCk/s1600/DSC03691s.jpg" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPyQkPZWcpjA9Nc_ghdSehL5hLDVNRFWXUE0fF6xdEhj9s54ME_ZIspoWHthXAZ_QaeCi4cmwkBeGuzUVcRf6569B1gHzcTyfcRm5RuT2Gdr5wqLDzDjtTFJRukPoq4tlH9kyq0a6uT3M/s1600/DSC03697s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPyQkPZWcpjA9Nc_ghdSehL5hLDVNRFWXUE0fF6xdEhj9s54ME_ZIspoWHthXAZ_QaeCi4cmwkBeGuzUVcRf6569B1gHzcTyfcRm5RuT2Gdr5wqLDzDjtTFJRukPoq4tlH9kyq0a6uT3M/s1600/DSC03697s.jpg" /></a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhz6VIkDaeOMmj9BxTUr1ai8aNWo8ATMXyz0-6hqkL-7B7eev7nMtIxxqec1a5bjgM5S35N37LP0oHWiwVC2cMDKJD4dKYJSzZW_MgdKMvgnkVSNhQa2iBzipaaVrX3iAVS-yMpQvX3og4/s1600/DSC03698s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhz6VIkDaeOMmj9BxTUr1ai8aNWo8ATMXyz0-6hqkL-7B7eev7nMtIxxqec1a5bjgM5S35N37LP0oHWiwVC2cMDKJD4dKYJSzZW_MgdKMvgnkVSNhQa2iBzipaaVrX3iAVS-yMpQvX3og4/s1600/DSC03698s.jpg" /></a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6zb8Ua2kyYZkhcvR4Qtr5QX4jjkxON1kjoL5aZg4uebyrdWanSkbyoGGmbFEj3IM2MSOZPMcd4O5Wp6vAj-mEsVf-CviVWSosnR_XWLhM_qVTtindUbreeKVu8I2jRroK5sMMDENxR-M/s1600/DSC03737s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-small;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6zb8Ua2kyYZkhcvR4Qtr5QX4jjkxON1kjoL5aZg4uebyrdWanSkbyoGGmbFEj3IM2MSOZPMcd4O5Wp6vAj-mEsVf-CviVWSosnR_XWLhM_qVTtindUbreeKVu8I2jRroK5sMMDENxR-M/s1600/DSC03737s.jpg" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">B like Badeshif Pool, Berlinishe Gallery</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimGtFIsBcBEZC1MDVykse9Pags4hbHxPVxZcpmnhI0S3yAsBb79MDooLP9nG23St15yqrq3JS73yYu8J3lsoWfNRp_-Nzm3MwH78afHWY5C3QnNsj8af0yLQtrG6I2jGauFi-MKodruPc/s1600/DSC03536s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimGtFIsBcBEZC1MDVykse9Pags4hbHxPVxZcpmnhI0S3yAsBb79MDooLP9nG23St15yqrq3JS73yYu8J3lsoWfNRp_-Nzm3MwH78afHWY5C3QnNsj8af0yLQtrG6I2jGauFi-MKodruPc/s1600/DSC03536s.jpg" style="cursor: move;" /></span></a></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEmzRZcKN1VEt5oU34SM21WhKC3DMW2to9GgE4t2bIHqapH4k30dJa4GszpS1Q2cB7ZHlGs0ExbvH6G5XYlakpwFV5jawg4-BvC6kofQTAYCV5_6FUsxG-D-jKHdj5oqvV0P7nWXgYyvg/s1600/DSC03715s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEmzRZcKN1VEt5oU34SM21WhKC3DMW2to9GgE4t2bIHqapH4k30dJa4GszpS1Q2cB7ZHlGs0ExbvH6G5XYlakpwFV5jawg4-BvC6kofQTAYCV5_6FUsxG-D-jKHdj5oqvV0P7nWXgYyvg/s1600/DSC03715s.jpg" /></a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3m5Sgl2vSUNAEhL1dVFe0x07ZbT_pawRa58UXYjzWB_SCas_zp8k7EYGcYsDjvjxzbiJjZTOZA2LdJe1J2j6BPLwLM9ArwbkmLzlC0TLdvtQwsjijqw2-_oap9CDxX5ryr0lZ0sWYmiE/s1600/DSC03716s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3m5Sgl2vSUNAEhL1dVFe0x07ZbT_pawRa58UXYjzWB_SCas_zp8k7EYGcYsDjvjxzbiJjZTOZA2LdJe1J2j6BPLwLM9ArwbkmLzlC0TLdvtQwsjijqw2-_oap9CDxX5ryr0lZ0sWYmiE/s1600/DSC03716s.jpg" /></a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmVYbWyhsoBChYPfnCMiJvKUnmOt_sx_TF1nxJaxmk8ecPe0WevPJIPh7iLUdyztHS3F0BBr4DeH3AuL_VbASKoBGEkJgbhFmQb7Fx4BBCQlHyuI7AFCdCUAgLLcwAzddUHWMxnoRCW0I/s1600/DSC03719s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmVYbWyhsoBChYPfnCMiJvKUnmOt_sx_TF1nxJaxmk8ecPe0WevPJIPh7iLUdyztHS3F0BBr4DeH3AuL_VbASKoBGEkJgbhFmQb7Fx4BBCQlHyuI7AFCdCUAgLLcwAzddUHWMxnoRCW0I/s1600/DSC03719s.jpg" /></a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIVNx82-WRwUZXzI9Bg1CC17-A-88ouH1TGIMyZPuMs-WOHsAacPKisPIk81wLzmWyxkIpR5BGhz7EP4Hx2sdCal6jKzAWMs_3srVqEaS8_mdR82HU0WxyMCmHkLdr63yb1sf-NWarM0g/s1600/DSC03735s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-small;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIVNx82-WRwUZXzI9Bg1CC17-A-88ouH1TGIMyZPuMs-WOHsAacPKisPIk81wLzmWyxkIpR5BGhz7EP4Hx2sdCal6jKzAWMs_3srVqEaS8_mdR82HU0WxyMCmHkLdr63yb1sf-NWarM0g/s1600/DSC03735s.jpg" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">C like Checkpoint Charlie</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHKKWopTo-3oZukdw-lN3f7V4rORkhV2R1AWIH0jGmMzVmw9u5_7oGuFaxwBKAiTWFt8g4NrNf-igExvxidsDy8mJzm-v2RNz9o6fdaz6aoHG8cUuNvb4-OQ-dSAIxxTWtYltmhaYGUSA/s1600/DSC03562s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHKKWopTo-3oZukdw-lN3f7V4rORkhV2R1AWIH0jGmMzVmw9u5_7oGuFaxwBKAiTWFt8g4NrNf-igExvxidsDy8mJzm-v2RNz9o6fdaz6aoHG8cUuNvb4-OQ-dSAIxxTWtYltmhaYGUSA/s1600/DSC03562s.jpg" /></a></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"> </span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCvhko9G0iMneUYRYP3-v-e4ZiX3tMbi2JO-UYunuD_z4JpR__GiW-RcWDm626-WHeeo539Zvn6w7cgOdHSFGavYLitd3OcGLUeexPWGlqX6a71wiEFvyEZvBCoJ0R0bUNSIDhMaOQhMw/s1600/DSC03564s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-small;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCvhko9G0iMneUYRYP3-v-e4ZiX3tMbi2JO-UYunuD_z4JpR__GiW-RcWDm626-WHeeo539Zvn6w7cgOdHSFGavYLitd3OcGLUeexPWGlqX6a71wiEFvyEZvBCoJ0R0bUNSIDhMaOQhMw/s1600/DSC03564s.jpg" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">D like DDR Cars</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxYR33S14KWJCk4dh5WaR-y6z0_N74Q5ACkeroIqmTLqlhfpdqh7YZVPz6AZ8ZpVyAHXAcjRzIv-NdLgxZs4uPXO76kqKddCKGPY3W5ouvclveHK2c2dQtlO-tlHA7zNKBQMR6OdkcgwM/s1600/DSC03684s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxYR33S14KWJCk4dh5WaR-y6z0_N74Q5ACkeroIqmTLqlhfpdqh7YZVPz6AZ8ZpVyAHXAcjRzIv-NdLgxZs4uPXO76kqKddCKGPY3W5ouvclveHK2c2dQtlO-tlHA7zNKBQMR6OdkcgwM/s1600/DSC03684s.jpg" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">H like Holocaust Memorial</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFrlUAyavGUdyjVPjl2QNp4n4fz3W07eUqEMMWKfGg6xzRIPmwHGNCLQ8npJsEClDor4Ww0vyqJh2tTXAjHOSxeCb6x0UgcHhwFS7Gs9gzQlHKUQmAmSrVtYQS4JPkSdbTXOMA8OqUtAE/s1600/DSC03579s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFrlUAyavGUdyjVPjl2QNp4n4fz3W07eUqEMMWKfGg6xzRIPmwHGNCLQ8npJsEClDor4Ww0vyqJh2tTXAjHOSxeCb6x0UgcHhwFS7Gs9gzQlHKUQmAmSrVtYQS4JPkSdbTXOMA8OqUtAE/s1600/DSC03579s.jpg" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></b></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">J like Jewish Museum</span></b></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnOsFjt14NQ3zaL5BlDY8Uyfy23Bdf8C9MpYA8_URvbG1x6DHurym8T4LPgh1_T4EgCqSmtgZjEex2mJtnCMwYuscd9owoVysPmh1Sd9Wg_r_Yp9WhcvUJvOLKG9uv7vc5nYNj4eqj83Q/s1600/DSC03550s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnOsFjt14NQ3zaL5BlDY8Uyfy23Bdf8C9MpYA8_URvbG1x6DHurym8T4LPgh1_T4EgCqSmtgZjEex2mJtnCMwYuscd9owoVysPmh1Sd9Wg_r_Yp9WhcvUJvOLKG9uv7vc5nYNj4eqj83Q/s1600/DSC03550s.jpg" /></a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhetP6BUMQfOG7pWUtHu3dMf1yuAvosHzgIW8wtxojNM4okOyGVCHmzhBNe_cTHeGPYrG_IavamsIkOjevVgyPn1EnHjIT1BeJY7y_Hvs2i0CKNeCp3qBP3M9otFac7vQmz3XqfE7Ru4rc/s1600/DSC03559S.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-small;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhetP6BUMQfOG7pWUtHu3dMf1yuAvosHzgIW8wtxojNM4okOyGVCHmzhBNe_cTHeGPYrG_IavamsIkOjevVgyPn1EnHjIT1BeJY7y_Hvs2i0CKNeCp3qBP3M9otFac7vQmz3XqfE7Ru4rc/s1600/DSC03559S.jpg" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">K like the Kreuzberg Canal</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2UwcFA196Es6tM3qFcMcueyCtJJ2CKwMHjx4Y_P8Q6jme9LjZ4mqLT9GaczXj4owenCCGIZGWwzCzYHD-3cZ27rwBLsOAuEMmju_CPZ2zEYRnBKWbN3IT2oGM-JJfr5cnSLlhErDqsIk/s1600/DSC03710s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2UwcFA196Es6tM3qFcMcueyCtJJ2CKwMHjx4Y_P8Q6jme9LjZ4mqLT9GaczXj4owenCCGIZGWwzCzYHD-3cZ27rwBLsOAuEMmju_CPZ2zEYRnBKWbN3IT2oGM-JJfr5cnSLlhErDqsIk/s1600/DSC03710s.jpg" style="cursor: move;" /></span></a></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">M like Monumentality</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJaxUgj-5df3T-iicgLsehlRcUVVuDgOlyJKYzU8FOGBxdZFWDloSXDKQx9ESkopcilILYr8UJvsEXggniC0ZRElNzD35cnpocnVbtveV4ExfiBTVpR7lgDzis_6vr7jiUqm-H5B7f5cA/s1600/DSC03626s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJaxUgj-5df3T-iicgLsehlRcUVVuDgOlyJKYzU8FOGBxdZFWDloSXDKQx9ESkopcilILYr8UJvsEXggniC0ZRElNzD35cnpocnVbtveV4ExfiBTVpR7lgDzis_6vr7jiUqm-H5B7f5cA/s1600/DSC03626s.jpg" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2LMkO0QbnvddEFoJThD-1d8qNt1cw3lA_sZxlTO9h1Ic0UoDei7XphJ_e7df1JEZ6lmoJOICw5ymgNEY5qeTcRkkxXp40DddDL_dQXZyh-QxMrIZOfJ6A37GOzS6f501p5u4tb2UnpzM/s1600/DSC03627s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2LMkO0QbnvddEFoJThD-1d8qNt1cw3lA_sZxlTO9h1Ic0UoDei7XphJ_e7df1JEZ6lmoJOICw5ymgNEY5qeTcRkkxXp40DddDL_dQXZyh-QxMrIZOfJ6A37GOzS6f501p5u4tb2UnpzM/s1600/DSC03627s.jpg" /></a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcqFWL88sNYRqFtpZV1RA9TJPofGcAtB3wmca_nLs0LmhVZgF8tgjDFwkF_EomHQPzOt8Y7W42_KNId5xO2mOHTtKl412Xx5U0Ke7xeYkgizZrxvUJ_YZ220UmszkxCuy7fOAFLFMaqO4/s1600/DSC03628s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcqFWL88sNYRqFtpZV1RA9TJPofGcAtB3wmca_nLs0LmhVZgF8tgjDFwkF_EomHQPzOt8Y7W42_KNId5xO2mOHTtKl412Xx5U0Ke7xeYkgizZrxvUJ_YZ220UmszkxCuy7fOAFLFMaqO4/s1600/DSC03628s.jpg" /></a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgrIaoz5T6HlavbECn1HhD8ljh-llF1_RwQLzR8tTxbaOtR6o9Sqh1PiIR9m-KmZuwQ3Mcef6mxA04hqgktwbb1CK16_YzE-WaMu29O3u_LF7zDCY3Iq-96Ksv4MIPtDEzHB2RYYA1RHw/s1600/DSC03633s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgrIaoz5T6HlavbECn1HhD8ljh-llF1_RwQLzR8tTxbaOtR6o9Sqh1PiIR9m-KmZuwQ3Mcef6mxA04hqgktwbb1CK16_YzE-WaMu29O3u_LF7zDCY3Iq-96Ksv4MIPtDEzHB2RYYA1RHw/s1600/DSC03633s.jpg" /></a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSohaPIk1U-05jv2T9-QhlMOOECFJyMNPg45Gaf625YXjUSt85DjohTwe4VvYZqKz4mCAVt8CAUCjUaP45ikhHjkXpJZJuD1vYG0Waj-sbY-kYVzLj1FN2QNSGptwCKhGepvreLvgtXpc/s1600/DSC03696s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSohaPIk1U-05jv2T9-QhlMOOECFJyMNPg45Gaf625YXjUSt85DjohTwe4VvYZqKz4mCAVt8CAUCjUaP45ikhHjkXpJZJuD1vYG0Waj-sbY-kYVzLj1FN2QNSGptwCKhGepvreLvgtXpc/s1600/DSC03696s.jpg" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">P like Parks, Promenades, Public Space</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjipVvtp1bGrD9N5fUH4FplP9NRMu4hawCkBlf4LhMAPHv9WFMoYO3orG5CzXI6KUtWQt-3dagyJIiweGPhVbumDNE_YuAxkALdDg37OO3R3ZUNQMdsbWTz8RsvP6-fdID3gPCPkYoWgwI/s1600/DSC03535s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjipVvtp1bGrD9N5fUH4FplP9NRMu4hawCkBlf4LhMAPHv9WFMoYO3orG5CzXI6KUtWQt-3dagyJIiweGPhVbumDNE_YuAxkALdDg37OO3R3ZUNQMdsbWTz8RsvP6-fdID3gPCPkYoWgwI/s1600/DSC03535s.jpg" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRDUX82hfYzw8CeVSqfaFcEKGp2MEveydHUtnbsFHkpdqmIALGrEPL1mjSXbYCXFT-DxWHd8NtA25utJ0oytyK0j_vRhybJDvNuxCbnf5PjhXOofCfTUXmgzrADJK0NJWQVhWN9CL4f6Q/s1600/DSC03656s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRDUX82hfYzw8CeVSqfaFcEKGp2MEveydHUtnbsFHkpdqmIALGrEPL1mjSXbYCXFT-DxWHd8NtA25utJ0oytyK0j_vRhybJDvNuxCbnf5PjhXOofCfTUXmgzrADJK0NJWQVhWN9CL4f6Q/s1600/DSC03656s.jpg" style="cursor: move;" /></span></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEYB9mgKlTrXMfICwuxELZkRh72YAj5HtGMBZCGKuRg3_gi1ZzLazwnBePO2J-hcegVDRKo4BVlSepoI5_zpx583edRKGln3jztNlrTzX4311E98hZ-l-vJD22HvxalX0y36bf77-ObWM/s1600/DSC03747s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; color: black;"></span></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEYB9mgKlTrXMfICwuxELZkRh72YAj5HtGMBZCGKuRg3_gi1ZzLazwnBePO2J-hcegVDRKo4BVlSepoI5_zpx583edRKGln3jztNlrTzX4311E98hZ-l-vJD22HvxalX0y36bf77-ObWM/s1600/DSC03747s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-small;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEYB9mgKlTrXMfICwuxELZkRh72YAj5HtGMBZCGKuRg3_gi1ZzLazwnBePO2J-hcegVDRKo4BVlSepoI5_zpx583edRKGln3jztNlrTzX4311E98hZ-l-vJD22HvxalX0y36bf77-ObWM/s1600/DSC03747s.jpg" /></span></a></div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">R like Reichstag</span></b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxgXGxgFbas-w0VxzM7wD5jTOxX1Q8epc81gesXA_K7SvYw1nD7nqUI9x29_5jAU6wvSZpoDHE_TvzIvUcdPqKnLY6k7nu-X1SuJvsmxmEDoq809HjeFUuljNv-trzvn_mlg-NeVnpCeA/s1600/DSC03742s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxgXGxgFbas-w0VxzM7wD5jTOxX1Q8epc81gesXA_K7SvYw1nD7nqUI9x29_5jAU6wvSZpoDHE_TvzIvUcdPqKnLY6k7nu-X1SuJvsmxmEDoq809HjeFUuljNv-trzvn_mlg-NeVnpCeA/s1600/DSC03742s.jpg" /></a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2hSv3F2LsBVCsvmy3dbylzaF2a5QLFTkmbCCAhduFXcjzwHJLVSjgluDcpBRlTOs2eBnXzdrOnXD4aoFAe1A3jZYJAqVD_m2DTovl5v4JLTJiiyO1MjVxDdLrDj_YDUOPX97sRvgXs5U/s1600/DSC03746s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2hSv3F2LsBVCsvmy3dbylzaF2a5QLFTkmbCCAhduFXcjzwHJLVSjgluDcpBRlTOs2eBnXzdrOnXD4aoFAe1A3jZYJAqVD_m2DTovl5v4JLTJiiyO1MjVxDdLrDj_YDUOPX97sRvgXs5U/s1600/DSC03746s.jpg" /></a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhs5EhYKpc6yJEwDfa1Nwgl4vutRrNSIWO8xFEYZFKjpdlTC4g2NUG_lgmr-EhjgNzhHUobxA-g8SbopcKErhs7nIEmORLJ0cLdp1Vve0nXSShgUtCTOzl-4jn9eLtNT9hyVSQfpUAISYk/s1600/DSC03760s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhs5EhYKpc6yJEwDfa1Nwgl4vutRrNSIWO8xFEYZFKjpdlTC4g2NUG_lgmr-EhjgNzhHUobxA-g8SbopcKErhs7nIEmORLJ0cLdp1Vve0nXSShgUtCTOzl-4jn9eLtNT9hyVSQfpUAISYk/s1600/DSC03760s.jpg" /></a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEz4vcDqQ_JggeWvISuz1xBEOjOho11hGvf-jFIZ580VE9WzzwjjuhiPhref-jmkfDv0bDzCqc_9VGA03lpfCrmt-kKFgnpacJm0j7-w3p0TAStQnZTq7yyXr4UBjyTlaLR9v09rdmHv0/s1600/DSC03762s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEz4vcDqQ_JggeWvISuz1xBEOjOho11hGvf-jFIZ580VE9WzzwjjuhiPhref-jmkfDv0bDzCqc_9VGA03lpfCrmt-kKFgnpacJm0j7-w3p0TAStQnZTq7yyXr4UBjyTlaLR9v09rdmHv0/s1600/DSC03762s.jpg" /></a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8MyEksr5erbzmcRaZK_IZf64T99KUK1HVW66lvJ11KMC6pWgMSopTQHr1tfZiaanWIztLdUEq-gX13sZwbp7MG4HpwqZZHfL9krTgOmXYJD7beFoytCOBdouj8lf5axi3Iji-3olTZco/s1600/DSC03765s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8MyEksr5erbzmcRaZK_IZf64T99KUK1HVW66lvJ11KMC6pWgMSopTQHr1tfZiaanWIztLdUEq-gX13sZwbp7MG4HpwqZZHfL9krTgOmXYJD7beFoytCOBdouj8lf5axi3Iji-3olTZco/s1600/DSC03765s.jpg" /></span></a></div><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><br />
</span> </b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">S like the Spree river</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgn6yKg2K6Kuhrsa2QauOUFjLSwuf2TeI7DWmaM47y5uEBJKBS6KTo35L3FW8NzNyjb1dTf3QWcbpF1bGLndPOejxGth5ZuaqBfUk59weVUqzs-Z4sZ9lKeCPkfUEntTLzjlzvpIBbGP1I/s1600/DSC03567s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgn6yKg2K6Kuhrsa2QauOUFjLSwuf2TeI7DWmaM47y5uEBJKBS6KTo35L3FW8NzNyjb1dTf3QWcbpF1bGLndPOejxGth5ZuaqBfUk59weVUqzs-Z4sZ9lKeCPkfUEntTLzjlzvpIBbGP1I/s1600/DSC03567s.jpg" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">T like Topography of Terror</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMmP4zAseyxNj1pyGbKHd2DtiR25IgN3Sn7Y0A6MCcoCFxEJa7HD4QI53ZbFnbnbHg2z2s3CYfqsXnCuj-LCcVxsvnbcy1t5VN-sTH1fer6wI-rd2OohH-XYTIVNaw5zbg1lZQF4-LvdY/s1600/DSC03701s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMmP4zAseyxNj1pyGbKHd2DtiR25IgN3Sn7Y0A6MCcoCFxEJa7HD4QI53ZbFnbnbHg2z2s3CYfqsXnCuj-LCcVxsvnbcy1t5VN-sTH1fer6wI-rd2OohH-XYTIVNaw5zbg1lZQF4-LvdY/s1600/DSC03701s.jpg" /></a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzwAbVK4Hj3S85NAPk1zBmkOfY-qd3iPbkFPtNOhXdkcQOCmqdQkP-qbUCP1LuPLYcuzjOOc12j6k9pYcDUF5ZZTyf0GIvaiqHgqouYx1fbDf5sIA9an-yW7wDzLXe1Oy5JIF5kBB6SSk/s1600/DSC03702s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzwAbVK4Hj3S85NAPk1zBmkOfY-qd3iPbkFPtNOhXdkcQOCmqdQkP-qbUCP1LuPLYcuzjOOc12j6k9pYcDUF5ZZTyf0GIvaiqHgqouYx1fbDf5sIA9an-yW7wDzLXe1Oy5JIF5kBB6SSk/s1600/DSC03702s.jpg" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">W like Wall Memorial(s)</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-4R7DlqfGqsvmvMmP45MbYQ9b5vahiGELTDNGpfYvz2f3_RrwgvOJE6g6fvZtkSBOoxb12bvhLXyF5dDhBtNXdH2Pw7bJFDL4iNbjQca6WporGILXiNGUQXUx5MPVDKv60J1t1nIsZ1U/s1600/DSC03572s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-small;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-4R7DlqfGqsvmvMmP45MbYQ9b5vahiGELTDNGpfYvz2f3_RrwgvOJE6g6fvZtkSBOoxb12bvhLXyF5dDhBtNXdH2Pw7bJFDL4iNbjQca6WporGILXiNGUQXUx5MPVDKv60J1t1nIsZ1U/s1600/DSC03572s.jpg" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJvH2zS5aV_EThqim70OLFSvSJlgNn35w3Gf0M4TmXMoWRKLNg78GPJEsABnnFbAyxqMH_OntUpIiolyj5JUaDJDvMFIqhjPoKGl3TUDjjFPaoDomONE9iaPUhhuNd1d-7Fr6kv8Fsmxw/s1600/DSC03577s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJvH2zS5aV_EThqim70OLFSvSJlgNn35w3Gf0M4TmXMoWRKLNg78GPJEsABnnFbAyxqMH_OntUpIiolyj5JUaDJDvMFIqhjPoKGl3TUDjjFPaoDomONE9iaPUhhuNd1d-7Fr6kv8Fsmxw/s1600/DSC03577s.jpg" /></a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6Jc-TmcIPqNNTq-pphsxx-Z45ds-HcpNaHzEbhAV9FAJ33WXW0GmmgLzKN2k451H5mlYSLkyrlUM_vKaOe7Tl2TcGeBmtvn-jzIwKhXNtQKATaE6gkFG-Kh0hBitddNFhWLYAVFEZdAw/s1600/DSC03636s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6Jc-TmcIPqNNTq-pphsxx-Z45ds-HcpNaHzEbhAV9FAJ33WXW0GmmgLzKN2k451H5mlYSLkyrlUM_vKaOe7Tl2TcGeBmtvn-jzIwKhXNtQKATaE6gkFG-Kh0hBitddNFhWLYAVFEZdAw/s1600/DSC03636s.jpg" /></span></a></div>Sandra Fremhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16087381306984010856noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5270271979734698893.post-91282705699484250442011-09-09T06:44:00.001-07:002011-09-19T23:29:21.473-07:00<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'helvetica neue', helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px;"></span><br />
<h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; clear: both; font: normal normal normal 20px/normal Georgia, serif; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://weskennedy.tumblr.com/post/9704206419/before-you-diagnose-yourself-with-depression-or-low" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue';">“Before you diagnose yourself with depression or low self-esteem, first make sure that you are not, in fact, just surrounded by assholes.” — William Gibson</span></b></span></a></h3>Sandra Fremhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16087381306984010856noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5270271979734698893.post-26900050779167557402011-09-04T00:05:00.000-07:002011-09-04T21:49:18.828-07:00ecological economies<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">During my stay in the Netherlands, I encountered an extremely interesting water project, </span><b><a href="http://www.ruimtevoorderivier.nl/meta-navigatie/english"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Room for the river</span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">, </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">which at first glance, seemed a philanthropic project executed by the Dutch government for the enjoyment of nature. Digging deeper, the project was driven by a powerful economical incentive</span></span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">- safety from flooding, </span></span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">in addition to public green space</span></span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">. </span></span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"></span></b></span></b></span></span></b></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 23px;">the river was given more room to be able to manage higher water levels. At more than 30 locations, measures were taken that give the river space to flood safely. Moreover, the measures were designed in such a way that they improve the quality of the immediate surroundings. the result was safer and more attractive river landscapes. </span></div>
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<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In the context of developing countries that cannot afford the creation of green spaces just for the sake of recreation and wellbeing, the project was a powerful lesson of </span></span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ecological economy and </span></span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">how to incentivize the creation of public green space by coupling different roles of water landscapes; so they deliver functional services while becoming civic green spaces.</span></span></b></div>
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<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Similar approach could be used </span></span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">for example </span></span></b><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">to restore canalized rivers of the lebanese coastal river system, while coupling river restoration with water reclamation and harvesting. More on that later.</span></span></b></div>
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Sandra Fremhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16087381306984010856noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5270271979734698893.post-83990254236965056832011-08-17T15:25:00.000-07:002011-08-18T22:55:25.111-07:00Cheese, Beer, WaterWorks & Architecture<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">Pictogram of my travels through Dutch and Flemish territories & cities: Amsterdam. Rotterdam. Der Haag. Delft. Leiden. De Biesbosch. Kekerdom. Antwerp. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">It was revealing to see how landscape and culture totally impact each other in the Netherlands. Historically, Dutch had to be involved very early on in depending on each other to build dykes all over the country. This fact has translated in their modern day culture and character. Today, when a Dutch is taking part in a conversation, he/she has a say about discussed topics and strongly participate in making decisions, taking his/her resulting responsibility and its contribution to the collective effort quite seriously. For other insider anecdotes on dutch culture, one book for you: the <b><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Undutchables-Observation-Netherlands-Culture-Inhabitants/dp/0962500631">Undutchables</a>!</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhP71d75eBuQc0e97TYL6eX0GTLXZuBczpyt71W3v16LOZCWRJlhLljooshZPEaka0xqY7EFotBRMFTQ0xlF8FYWGcf1MC0BM783ydXv2O3CtCg2Rk7RRdJNaK52OsEda0IlKF0frSRQKI/s1600/DSC03011.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhP71d75eBuQc0e97TYL6eX0GTLXZuBczpyt71W3v16LOZCWRJlhLljooshZPEaka0xqY7EFotBRMFTQ0xlF8FYWGcf1MC0BM783ydXv2O3CtCg2Rk7RRdJNaK52OsEda0IlKF0frSRQKI/s400/DSC03011.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">canal in Schiebroek - Rotterdam, where i was staying</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2-veLpC_EjcCZNjPS_ki818lfORHu9n4HnPT14SfSoKSdF0g7JdMsFIMlcQtgVfvfHUbrtQw35CzuMV4glzuAsLCadeGGCmXOnakd8DDAwRyMF1PpKkalNpBBlpEge_UWSI6bzX6_KDk/s1600/DSC03024.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2-veLpC_EjcCZNjPS_ki818lfORHu9n4HnPT14SfSoKSdF0g7JdMsFIMlcQtgVfvfHUbrtQw35CzuMV4glzuAsLCadeGGCmXOnakd8DDAwRyMF1PpKkalNpBBlpEge_UWSI6bzX6_KDk/s400/DSC03024.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">canal in Delft. famous leaning church tower in the background.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgx1v1nMW2CTCb-M2dpfn1RnFmTHuWFVxMLbRoW5H7iXRndyCPn7e8kJgmjczQDkdBya18Jk_5xjDfMkRFO3ZfnfXZLSrdtyBvNrVZL-GAbB7cUUSnl_zTDluMiEOB1h-wGZoET8Tzjh9s/s1600/DSC03037.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgx1v1nMW2CTCb-M2dpfn1RnFmTHuWFVxMLbRoW5H7iXRndyCPn7e8kJgmjczQDkdBya18Jk_5xjDfMkRFO3ZfnfXZLSrdtyBvNrVZL-GAbB7cUUSnl_zTDluMiEOB1h-wGZoET8Tzjh9s/s400/DSC03037.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">a commuter landscape. cows and horses in the pastures.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdz7j2du7J4MzCtsw_Il9SeLigTBi2KUr7AtPyQTh01HJ4Q3Uvs_BJjcBTQ3tEwuUWC7e2NgSmeLyXY5fF1Ud29zlR9LrFlDLz0K3kGSxjHW0hVvb_ZPsklK0WAuhrUYqK0Qv9dT6NE9A/s1600/DSC03046.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdz7j2du7J4MzCtsw_Il9SeLigTBi2KUr7AtPyQTh01HJ4Q3Uvs_BJjcBTQ3tEwuUWC7e2NgSmeLyXY5fF1Ud29zlR9LrFlDLz0K3kGSxjHW0hVvb_ZPsklK0WAuhrUYqK0Qv9dT6NE9A/s400/DSC03046.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">one of the last "natural" rivers in the Netherlands. all the rest is regulated</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvUwhzdkG_pQh5Qw2lvB9L0PNl5qdgHh0cbasjUGgiRU4BFnv8axkathFoK6EMSZ5aPU-cAOhh85Vox3Sor7CSJKaL5EvUcxAJ1LcsWbbyK4IivHgG4kFL59bK1huN6pu266uH9IY4Y9A/s1600/DSC03028.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvUwhzdkG_pQh5Qw2lvB9L0PNl5qdgHh0cbasjUGgiRU4BFnv8axkathFoK6EMSZ5aPU-cAOhh85Vox3Sor7CSJKaL5EvUcxAJ1LcsWbbyK4IivHgG4kFL59bK1huN6pu266uH9IY4Y9A/s400/DSC03028.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Typical Delft Street Elevation</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh27D8CXelo4S5tZXt1SsFcoSZSDzyWEaMQRUq590AWnTi2jacgT0zcRehj8JD8fjxmjBqBo0ZCv7c3s2DTmwDdUSRskXNSIJSjyAI53xHgY7iIjdHkxMwTg81Wd_nb66t3Sc4DrCBzs4A/s1600/DSC03266.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh27D8CXelo4S5tZXt1SsFcoSZSDzyWEaMQRUq590AWnTi2jacgT0zcRehj8JD8fjxmjBqBo0ZCv7c3s2DTmwDdUSRskXNSIJSjyAI53xHgY7iIjdHkxMwTg81Wd_nb66t3Sc4DrCBzs4A/s400/DSC03266.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">The Kunsthal - Rotterdam.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZBTXLWhwOPBGtVZ1kM_vN-1ATZCxLgdYUyjsisyxZgbc-wDbdP5wy7U02B7cCWemfh09b2XINcCsRPtGEex4p3OK7FQWZ8v2CKzuINm_iUL1gagYK1G_afEz0wBBEJYmx6oJDDp2HLQY/s1600/DSC03277.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZBTXLWhwOPBGtVZ1kM_vN-1ATZCxLgdYUyjsisyxZgbc-wDbdP5wy7U02B7cCWemfh09b2XINcCsRPtGEex4p3OK7FQWZ8v2CKzuINm_iUL1gagYK1G_afEz0wBBEJYmx6oJDDp2HLQY/s400/DSC03277.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">a rainy walk in Museum Park - Rotterdam</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbjIExaTMuHb2e6k5yR64gVl0INx1pI_yXH4RgjFC5TEHthuknOpKRx7KFfXWeg85HREZ6UiPThtCf1WZMwNxGe8jnMcMIWVBvNle6VjT-B437jkarj0RJwv-WFPQuFjAl_Bgy2vcASKc/s1600/DSC03310.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbjIExaTMuHb2e6k5yR64gVl0INx1pI_yXH4RgjFC5TEHthuknOpKRx7KFfXWeg85HREZ6UiPThtCf1WZMwNxGe8jnMcMIWVBvNle6VjT-B437jkarj0RJwv-WFPQuFjAl_Bgy2vcASKc/s400/DSC03310.JPG" style="cursor: move;" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;">De Biesbosch , part of the <b><u><a href="http://www.ruimtevoorderivier.nl/meta-navigatie/english">making room for the river</a></u></b> initiative</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMhBNsqqtsQaTJ-xZ-nWoGWBMxBHFOcRtoxdcF1BI0c0BOWOL85IpzUBLRofzUtqhoAcZDR52bMTkBXTt5O1c06_fvlo4wdC2ExEB1komrtMhAwGqGuOE59UmsHi5Gu62YmqdlDqfDl3g/s1600/DSC03336.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMhBNsqqtsQaTJ-xZ-nWoGWBMxBHFOcRtoxdcF1BI0c0BOWOL85IpzUBLRofzUtqhoAcZDR52bMTkBXTt5O1c06_fvlo4wdC2ExEB1komrtMhAwGqGuOE59UmsHi5Gu62YmqdlDqfDl3g/s400/DSC03336.JPG" style="cursor: move;" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhL1g0Po6f8QtGnOx5yhopoRg28Q1LZvYfCcRhhnfyq-yHGbyJUlPgXrMTGK8CDi6RRTDujo6yN9fAn8H4tlAPZGiJChuGidTfUfVKDjqtGlkhIJyNMpUxTn_5LJMRUbi6CI7v-xS3fuf4/s1600/DSC03343.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhL1g0Po6f8QtGnOx5yhopoRg28Q1LZvYfCcRhhnfyq-yHGbyJUlPgXrMTGK8CDi6RRTDujo6yN9fAn8H4tlAPZGiJChuGidTfUfVKDjqtGlkhIJyNMpUxTn_5LJMRUbi6CI7v-xS3fuf4/s400/DSC03343.JPG" style="cursor: move;" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;">comparative city height below sea level. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3QSAvC_4vf-3qBThbokZHh3Smc307oGy5inW8y2wgtoHhtdEsVu7ErqUuG_5GzKnSBmLz8jWeyPJfKugtWUTjAN-6miiSnx2QtDqECZEsd8OLbIEQDONdupfRv2x9D5huRipdyv_2P3w/s1600/DSC03352.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3QSAvC_4vf-3qBThbokZHh3Smc307oGy5inW8y2wgtoHhtdEsVu7ErqUuG_5GzKnSBmLz8jWeyPJfKugtWUTjAN-6miiSnx2QtDqECZEsd8OLbIEQDONdupfRv2x9D5huRipdyv_2P3w/s400/DSC03352.JPG" style="cursor: move;" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;">Waterworks, the barriers protecting the Netherlands from sea tides</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgE61tBo8yaQZgo72LWR3EqzvGvUWRJtzVRb2rExvTM5bR8LZN0IAYhypUMuc6NgfBUqklIOGpPao-HmZLNv2bv9q-6uqysqid83FhGoOw9ejtCWDhVRxXx5uBIgFwlKiGChZ0ia7lRvR8/s1600/DSC03345.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgE61tBo8yaQZgo72LWR3EqzvGvUWRJtzVRb2rExvTM5bR8LZN0IAYhypUMuc6NgfBUqklIOGpPao-HmZLNv2bv9q-6uqysqid83FhGoOw9ejtCWDhVRxXx5uBIgFwlKiGChZ0ia7lRvR8/s400/DSC03345.JPG" style="cursor: move;" width="400" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1E7H_z5XG9miqcfYITri7p7Dw_1qat_N0zCvWifYe7jpnr2SqLBlD0wf3ar8YFgWaAVVIxju1GU5ixfAPS2SWWC9-1HbKx8GJ7FIJhd4kb8vqS0n6ryMrvwr3s5L7j7VpicZR3hE1qdE/s1600/DSC03509.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1E7H_z5XG9miqcfYITri7p7Dw_1qat_N0zCvWifYe7jpnr2SqLBlD0wf3ar8YFgWaAVVIxju1GU5ixfAPS2SWWC9-1HbKx8GJ7FIJhd4kb8vqS0n6ryMrvwr3s5L7j7VpicZR3hE1qdE/s400/DSC03509.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1sRBwz4MuyTmdp_8tPproNkn_ugAUKJ2tD8y7vTyEBH5-memTsI4YYLWGJ3KTffLo3ddsRyWSwz6Skmnk49sS53iVCiVGetStIWJrt0yfKGtU2dJrXDW_1YM8stBM4EgdVBu2f-e5rLY/s1600/DSC03441.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1sRBwz4MuyTmdp_8tPproNkn_ugAUKJ2tD8y7vTyEBH5-memTsI4YYLWGJ3KTffLo3ddsRyWSwz6Skmnk49sS53iVCiVGetStIWJrt0yfKGtU2dJrXDW_1YM8stBM4EgdVBu2f-e5rLY/s400/DSC03441.JPG" style="cursor: move;" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;">Beers and Jazz on a rainy day in Amsterdam</div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUfz3136Vp4macEvMxWecqc33P1LVhjaos4uNjnWkYNgshb418OpFrw40TGOSyKSIKvj5cpHVuhu_OlRdzh9WYOGNM2orAuEshwT9yMRZpFH6QuSfV91dz_Fw7VSJBtfqkEO2vz80StfY/s1600/DSC03101.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUfz3136Vp4macEvMxWecqc33P1LVhjaos4uNjnWkYNgshb418OpFrw40TGOSyKSIKvj5cpHVuhu_OlRdzh9WYOGNM2orAuEshwT9yMRZpFH6QuSfV91dz_Fw7VSJBtfqkEO2vz80StfY/s400/DSC03101.JPG" style="cursor: move;" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;">Turn of century bus stop- Antwerp</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisaliIKCbpIgPzqKoEq6q41mdJYmj7FQ_CVxdzvhJ5dR-81IMd1YVUpDyikjzYNP97CczbdtPWGE_WIaGGYrrzie0y-YC36fYwHTh4SxzAT5C5ivHudxbO1yYPWh4e9pxTiwb1ZKf-pFI/s1600/DSC03108.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisaliIKCbpIgPzqKoEq6q41mdJYmj7FQ_CVxdzvhJ5dR-81IMd1YVUpDyikjzYNP97CczbdtPWGE_WIaGGYrrzie0y-YC36fYwHTh4SxzAT5C5ivHudxbO1yYPWh4e9pxTiwb1ZKf-pFI/s400/DSC03108.JPG" style="cursor: move;" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;">Architecture in Antwerp</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEju4GMJ2Rf6HnZLEtQvCpEjLRm5oZhDUAx8gH2MKjm5dJ4V4FvyTbBiiCG1Kq4qru1uPghkLIJFRSZsuG0oEU2MlAeJ_5qSzFxnmxapflfAb5H8Rq770wt8wGEl4uZ2LLc6gWh0899fNU0/s1600/DSC03117.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEju4GMJ2Rf6HnZLEtQvCpEjLRm5oZhDUAx8gH2MKjm5dJ4V4FvyTbBiiCG1Kq4qru1uPghkLIJFRSZsuG0oEU2MlAeJ_5qSzFxnmxapflfAb5H8Rq770wt8wGEl4uZ2LLc6gWh0899fNU0/s400/DSC03117.JPG" style="cursor: move;" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;">sunny sunday morning, hotel room by the Cathedral. Antwerp</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFrlykI69Fs7BMu5N3M-iA6YE32ri4eaFTNSkCNMy2ayl4_IfRh80exDxgUNazro0zSfO761CXYm1IQiykWq7ImFm_xAF7bcOWxu-61VZEIAg5oU59L8L8Igp7YwB0vXAU4xDXJXHPxcM/s1600/DSC03122.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFrlykI69Fs7BMu5N3M-iA6YE32ri4eaFTNSkCNMy2ayl4_IfRh80exDxgUNazro0zSfO761CXYm1IQiykWq7ImFm_xAF7bcOWxu-61VZEIAg5oU59L8L8Igp7YwB0vXAU4xDXJXHPxcM/s400/DSC03122.JPG" style="cursor: move;" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;">The Mas in Antwerp.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7KXdKZlXvHOG3Q-ZPGTSQ3TkwQaNBsyCflVInEEgQVsTv16xqewkz2_y2iP8Lonl4y1E0LdcZMCBc2fOKZF1IB_KuEn6a-FphT3OZrsUwpf0-e-kgO8VDvfGauZz871K-jRlYka7OuRw/s1600/DSC03128.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7KXdKZlXvHOG3Q-ZPGTSQ3TkwQaNBsyCflVInEEgQVsTv16xqewkz2_y2iP8Lonl4y1E0LdcZMCBc2fOKZF1IB_KuEn6a-FphT3OZrsUwpf0-e-kgO8VDvfGauZz871K-jRlYka7OuRw/s400/DSC03128.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;">the Belvedere in the MAS, looking to the city.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFkI5IYEDKRxHh2GLvUKNLopV_1aydxbykoUT23TVITi_28SpjL0jnEd1eSt6OW1nGqO-XrzODqLfakog6RUhlyYBVwk4DIEPYN030cTCNuYG__PVKi3bpfV_uhxyU-Ll8nClOKa3Ozjs/s1600/DSC03092.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFkI5IYEDKRxHh2GLvUKNLopV_1aydxbykoUT23TVITi_28SpjL0jnEd1eSt6OW1nGqO-XrzODqLfakog6RUhlyYBVwk4DIEPYN030cTCNuYG__PVKi3bpfV_uhxyU-Ll8nClOKa3Ozjs/s400/DSC03092.JPG" style="cursor: move;" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;">the Art nouveau promenade on Antwerp Riverfront, dating from the 1890 World Expo.</div><br />
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</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmZ5UzNMC-XKQmeeKLIMdnygahXVVZgIYSHScowZLFezDu3rVu-5s57-YVWaNWudrzRaKAmVPV_WhfBga_Kjw75hooxzg1XAGRzJIlu56nyJ_A7dbXj0zUy6qiA80eO5x1pV-969OmzSA/s1600/DSC03058.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmZ5UzNMC-XKQmeeKLIMdnygahXVVZgIYSHScowZLFezDu3rVu-5s57-YVWaNWudrzRaKAmVPV_WhfBga_Kjw75hooxzg1XAGRzJIlu56nyJ_A7dbXj0zUy6qiA80eO5x1pV-969OmzSA/s400/DSC03058.JPG" width="300" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmZ5UzNMC-XKQmeeKLIMdnygahXVVZgIYSHScowZLFezDu3rVu-5s57-YVWaNWudrzRaKAmVPV_WhfBga_Kjw75hooxzg1XAGRzJIlu56nyJ_A7dbXj0zUy6qiA80eO5x1pV-969OmzSA/s1600/DSC03058.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>Antwerp Central Station</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF4LwqL5B7dLMaS3SrFyO7yRq_rgkUlk_N3tTsfaDN8dBTSYzusyb7swK1gjDxWzRTB1ie1u2uNWYN8AlHzO30SF59cInQC3_PYIy6yZ8v5J86JCHFhUwnjdfhvHCkAtncgAvWHJFf47U/s1600/DSC03065.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF4LwqL5B7dLMaS3SrFyO7yRq_rgkUlk_N3tTsfaDN8dBTSYzusyb7swK1gjDxWzRTB1ie1u2uNWYN8AlHzO30SF59cInQC3_PYIy6yZ8v5J86JCHFhUwnjdfhvHCkAtncgAvWHJFf47U/s400/DSC03065.JPG" width="300" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEin8bNywunyrvIdSIAQxdYhDHr7lTGT2xoW3uDY8caUb2vWxYLPDLXkBA7GmmhQuZd-4qPUyB1ma-jJs0rEcmQepA_Nqq87ltI3RNtLJjN8LXnXO8-KJJ9NzEhXcOM0vjdqlbC1iO-ofRE/s1600/DSC03425.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEin8bNywunyrvIdSIAQxdYhDHr7lTGT2xoW3uDY8caUb2vWxYLPDLXkBA7GmmhQuZd-4qPUyB1ma-jJs0rEcmQepA_Nqq87ltI3RNtLJjN8LXnXO8-KJJ9NzEhXcOM0vjdqlbC1iO-ofRE/s400/DSC03425.JPG" width="300" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRRnczRwhJtHytTEXQK5TKanlIOk32JJF98ew4tVajoav4PqaY_G3X7lbp-Nd7KyoH3shzDXfKyomm24XoOebiqvYoZPjhVBZKQI-0rDgn6P4TljNuTq0Y_VTBRLGmDqS4gh8DEgdFq_E/s1600/DSC03175.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRRnczRwhJtHytTEXQK5TKanlIOk32JJF98ew4tVajoav4PqaY_G3X7lbp-Nd7KyoH3shzDXfKyomm24XoOebiqvYoZPjhVBZKQI-0rDgn6P4TljNuTq0Y_VTBRLGmDqS4gh8DEgdFq_E/s400/DSC03175.JPG" width="300" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Antwerp Fashion Academy</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgQytG0R9Hw3KA1VXWGPqjaq-d0BBAdpDAVj5787vLInveb1OyZnBBsDJ6dPZUPt1V2bODa35ViWkFOnXVPm-Ikdotgb_hlhxJXjVc6xk-rS4giWiYiAnf72CjyfIPAe6fXUtGISPK40w/s1600/DSC03293.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgQytG0R9Hw3KA1VXWGPqjaq-d0BBAdpDAVj5787vLInveb1OyZnBBsDJ6dPZUPt1V2bODa35ViWkFOnXVPm-Ikdotgb_hlhxJXjVc6xk-rS4giWiYiAnf72CjyfIPAe6fXUtGISPK40w/s400/DSC03293.JPG" width="300" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgQytG0R9Hw3KA1VXWGPqjaq-d0BBAdpDAVj5787vLInveb1OyZnBBsDJ6dPZUPt1V2bODa35ViWkFOnXVPm-Ikdotgb_hlhxJXjVc6xk-rS4giWiYiAnf72CjyfIPAe6fXUtGISPK40w/s1600/DSC03293.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>Antwerp De Grotte roofed square</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhje6GoWCcRkzXmrLcJFeNNXXZGPAcj1QNVDtwN305TsDic9VPTkpnGuvv1M41k7bijMH4-6wl7SVMetupToW5fbcg8sFR5S-ZHhYrKmJc6iCcyY80vnnZtJT21bhphRwoo5CW5YOSbOgk/s1600/DSC03403.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhje6GoWCcRkzXmrLcJFeNNXXZGPAcj1QNVDtwN305TsDic9VPTkpnGuvv1M41k7bijMH4-6wl7SVMetupToW5fbcg8sFR5S-ZHhYrKmJc6iCcyY80vnnZtJT21bhphRwoo5CW5YOSbOgk/s400/DSC03403.JPG" width="300" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhje6GoWCcRkzXmrLcJFeNNXXZGPAcj1QNVDtwN305TsDic9VPTkpnGuvv1M41k7bijMH4-6wl7SVMetupToW5fbcg8sFR5S-ZHhYrKmJc6iCcyY80vnnZtJT21bhphRwoo5CW5YOSbOgk/s1600/DSC03403.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>Amsterdam canalboats</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEia3AjXwvd-TN85-SbXlXUGsQ_c_nHnzmfWMAmWjJr0el9dJMKTB6ZrxJV-5Or08dhy4cwYbw0UWBPIBanruxmAyAOpiPORsqg_GaVaKWV6O6dl530hva7b9Qi5FT_23jNH67IeXvo9CGs/s1600/DSC03415.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEia3AjXwvd-TN85-SbXlXUGsQ_c_nHnzmfWMAmWjJr0el9dJMKTB6ZrxJV-5Or08dhy4cwYbw0UWBPIBanruxmAyAOpiPORsqg_GaVaKWV6O6dl530hva7b9Qi5FT_23jNH67IeXvo9CGs/s400/DSC03415.JPG" width="300" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEia3AjXwvd-TN85-SbXlXUGsQ_c_nHnzmfWMAmWjJr0el9dJMKTB6ZrxJV-5Or08dhy4cwYbw0UWBPIBanruxmAyAOpiPORsqg_GaVaKWV6O6dl530hva7b9Qi5FT_23jNH67IeXvo9CGs/s1600/DSC03415.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>Aperitif time in the Jordaan, Amsterdam</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgp_hb5zCLpZsp5w4z2gepcsV6mRHmbzHUUSqGuTZiKbEHfnW8MUTt0VZcNKz-Aq_fM_zIRHNxnzXkpmLGx4Ev2Jl2BDyre-fgEf2gLcoTsRD4dktHC5JfU7vJrnNY1jPybRNyS69fdCOs/s1600/DSC03413.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgp_hb5zCLpZsp5w4z2gepcsV6mRHmbzHUUSqGuTZiKbEHfnW8MUTt0VZcNKz-Aq_fM_zIRHNxnzXkpmLGx4Ev2Jl2BDyre-fgEf2gLcoTsRD4dktHC5JfU7vJrnNY1jPybRNyS69fdCOs/s400/DSC03413.JPG" width="300" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Amsterdam Canals</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5otKnY4r1deL6VHCFoBc9CXQg7JxX3yqE-4eCfJvW8Xvl14pTnrhaPBSkR_wmzZfZ0G_aY2mlMPrMM7ZCBnn2eSH4mr9gowxQbk0UxfNHTJ26mJoKGCnhoIUxkUuN1TmqmPRuFS5gVHg/s1600/DSC03193.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5otKnY4r1deL6VHCFoBc9CXQg7JxX3yqE-4eCfJvW8Xvl14pTnrhaPBSkR_wmzZfZ0G_aY2mlMPrMM7ZCBnn2eSH4mr9gowxQbk0UxfNHTJ26mJoKGCnhoIUxkUuN1TmqmPRuFS5gVHg/s400/DSC03193.JPG" width="300" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;">road trip through the Netherlands</div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">bits and pieces from the Kunsthal in Rotterdam</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibkSPWUSThiHEAf0tFfHCMhI1FrtyY0h9mx_wxyifsU1y8sRw7wL_7kjC2xALK9ku5Jovujf03BDuA9pbMjfczvm8IVsccoxXUS4pT2_Xk3riM3qBCAxia6Kl8jkdQ1MmVh5jkbe7Pp9I/s1600/DSC03220.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibkSPWUSThiHEAf0tFfHCMhI1FrtyY0h9mx_wxyifsU1y8sRw7wL_7kjC2xALK9ku5Jovujf03BDuA9pbMjfczvm8IVsccoxXUS4pT2_Xk3riM3qBCAxia6Kl8jkdQ1MmVh5jkbe7Pp9I/s400/DSC03220.JPG" width="300" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtIRuTTUw-5fCuwtdgw-TC2ewliYejTVvBvxD8_Nz_ERrb5yOnpbdd2-_gsOsJRBUxUGigxqiar2BUZvJupKj4Ne_jPn2NFfY30GHqM9bZ3yvGCLfp0MsfCUVIwjBB0iLyfRnVEtaKDwY/s1600/DSC03253.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtIRuTTUw-5fCuwtdgw-TC2ewliYejTVvBvxD8_Nz_ERrb5yOnpbdd2-_gsOsJRBUxUGigxqiar2BUZvJupKj4Ne_jPn2NFfY30GHqM9bZ3yvGCLfp0MsfCUVIwjBB0iLyfRnVEtaKDwY/s400/DSC03253.JPG" width="300" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQ5GCToavCnvocfJtGQPdAK-V5IYno4XT2erBmnUEq-zvBFRzPHB1isWp-czFzWS8-yZ2Ao83340bUoJzeDHa2JFPxXkdZDQelpc6Ukqm_X-aZ5_2SAH5yA-q5qF_oBJCy-yehUagUcIY/s1600/DSC03247.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQ5GCToavCnvocfJtGQPdAK-V5IYno4XT2erBmnUEq-zvBFRzPHB1isWp-czFzWS8-yZ2Ao83340bUoJzeDHa2JFPxXkdZDQelpc6Ukqm_X-aZ5_2SAH5yA-q5qF_oBJCy-yehUagUcIY/s400/DSC03247.JPG" width="300" /></a></div>Sandra Fremhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16087381306984010856noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5270271979734698893.post-31953552680110112962011-07-03T11:35:00.000-07:002011-07-04T10:48:13.605-07:00going dutchI will be spending the next three weeks in the Netherlands touring and researching water geographies, river restoration and ecological water infrastructure.<br />
I've been only two days in Rotterdam, and already the presence of water in the city and its impact on the urban structure form a prominent cultural landscape. Until 2004, the city's port was the busiest in the world, and it's not even on the sea, which is truly remarkable.<br />
Although canals are not pervasive like in Amsterdam, Rotterdam does have its moments, where canals become linear promenades inscribed in the civic structure of the city. In fact, canals were the sole survivors to the <u><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotterdam_Blitz">blitz</a></u>, after the city center became tabula rasa.<br />
I am looking forward to learn more, and will post as i do.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwTwrHKi-WfkFCobqgSfayQohLUpOpUDGSpMIi7EkvdcKXczJoiDikkCsnGPJuGZ_ohPc33HCjQ5ypvljkPXVnHFMurYS4gyz1jx65pO0ICPZhaR36WbUuyPCj509zOWSyUGGrNiS-Uos/s1600/800px-Satellite_image_of_Europoort%252C_Netherlands_%25284.25E_51.90N%2529.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwTwrHKi-WfkFCobqgSfayQohLUpOpUDGSpMIi7EkvdcKXczJoiDikkCsnGPJuGZ_ohPc33HCjQ5ypvljkPXVnHFMurYS4gyz1jx65pO0ICPZhaR36WbUuyPCj509zOWSyUGGrNiS-Uos/s1600/800px-Satellite_image_of_Europoort%252C_Netherlands_%25284.25E_51.90N%2529.png" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-BkgXfhbNJURmxRo1mRH0t8t9kCIVkuBnWN1-GhP5b70zp2k8Gvk_E-5pr044h-WuWl9ei70OmKbfQAI4FAQnLpEq9zU_prpfpqU9gGWDFnKBTU61Wr7kqaHlsX5AnC0BS9WWk8OBR0U/s1600/793px-Rotterdam.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-BkgXfhbNJURmxRo1mRH0t8t9kCIVkuBnWN1-GhP5b70zp2k8Gvk_E-5pr044h-WuWl9ei70OmKbfQAI4FAQnLpEq9zU_prpfpqU9gGWDFnKBTU61Wr7kqaHlsX5AnC0BS9WWk8OBR0U/s1600/793px-Rotterdam.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWwtI7O1FJJuBLn81AMICbM-m7UYiRuPRoJMfMULHvKk1gV_7xFukuqBOWONgDiNjvkzeWZgsM3pS3kXUILRkY02xCEh4icyyDDgCtZ8le3RPju2-rOPIDXwirS-DkyIZPKQZa3Fagx0Y/s1600/DSC03012sm.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWwtI7O1FJJuBLn81AMICbM-m7UYiRuPRoJMfMULHvKk1gV_7xFukuqBOWONgDiNjvkzeWZgsM3pS3kXUILRkY02xCEh4icyyDDgCtZ8le3RPju2-rOPIDXwirS-DkyIZPKQZa3Fagx0Y/s1600/DSC03012sm.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKjlbcPbJDg2eoBGhElvk-qM8tMLPaXgbOQnyJK3yXmxFbVj2NTbhg0dkSFfT2kQGE7jRxOOjB4s9o6w7NV9OzJLbqQAsAalNw0ClheOnzqZ_6chrRQWTdrT_jA2Qz84U_ilR-tXVNc_Q/s1600/DSC03020sm.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKjlbcPbJDg2eoBGhElvk-qM8tMLPaXgbOQnyJK3yXmxFbVj2NTbhg0dkSFfT2kQGE7jRxOOjB4s9o6w7NV9OzJLbqQAsAalNw0ClheOnzqZ_6chrRQWTdrT_jA2Qz84U_ilR-tXVNc_Q/s1600/DSC03020sm.jpg" /></a></div>Sandra Fremhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16087381306984010856noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5270271979734698893.post-27398841028180791212011-06-28T22:00:00.000-07:002011-06-29T05:39:40.252-07:00big plans<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKCzvUGa5x-RE0ikzXCsswghrTuwzVswm7C02Tho10XplJJtpF_xPeHsHv_gs0INzb-zmABoC9jhGOSS0WQjn3TOF2e0p5zgIHdHiRsj92ZJ6NvL4-6s_Tc51d_n8eBOP4Ywj2MSyiZVA/s1600/Candilis%252C+Josic%252C+Woods%252C+Bochum+University+Competition%252C+1962.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="353" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKCzvUGa5x-RE0ikzXCsswghrTuwzVswm7C02Tho10XplJJtpF_xPeHsHv_gs0INzb-zmABoC9jhGOSS0WQjn3TOF2e0p5zgIHdHiRsj92ZJ6NvL4-6s_Tc51d_n8eBOP4Ywj2MSyiZVA/s400/Candilis%252C+Josic%252C+Woods%252C+Bochum+University+Competition%252C+1962.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div style="font: 12.0px Lucida Grande; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><div style="text-align: center;">Candilis, Josic, Woods, Bochum University Competition, 1962</div></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibM4miOJV84zq0v1EQxyBBi_K6rqgNbzlxIky6YyvsjhauXmPQgvtKCDG1OYgKOQuzEUfhX5q_HhcoP8-Hx6G_irlfdoVZbeJfmKGmPNC_GGsmC5hkYlohRjOVDFeQKMrxGAVg67eQeBo/s1600/Hans+Kollhoff%252C+Project+for+the+Analagous+City%252C+1976.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" height="306" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibM4miOJV84zq0v1EQxyBBi_K6rqgNbzlxIky6YyvsjhauXmPQgvtKCDG1OYgKOQuzEUfhX5q_HhcoP8-Hx6G_irlfdoVZbeJfmKGmPNC_GGsmC5hkYlohRjOVDFeQKMrxGAVg67eQeBo/s400/Hans+Kollhoff%252C+Project+for+the+Analagous+City%252C+1976.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div style="font: 12.0px Lucida Grande; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Hans Kollhoff, Project for the Analagous City, 1976</span></div></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxIJGpY3xvho0jvls-D144IBRDthvnYNDsNisNiW1t32ERIjIrlSvhAek-WSEKBnNbmmWlLRSzcDLJpEVqfoPmP5cWWxAWraSd7YSg5FSlKC-Qyr8hViSQCr5aCpcL5MpzreYwuuaoL8A/s1600/Kenzo+Tange+Plan+for+Tokyo+Bay.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxIJGpY3xvho0jvls-D144IBRDthvnYNDsNisNiW1t32ERIjIrlSvhAek-WSEKBnNbmmWlLRSzcDLJpEVqfoPmP5cWWxAWraSd7YSg5FSlKC-Qyr8hViSQCr5aCpcL5MpzreYwuuaoL8A/s400/Kenzo+Tange+Plan+for+Tokyo+Bay.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div style="font: 12.0px Lucida Grande; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Kenzo Tange Plan for Tokyo Bay</span></div></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimKfFvQ4UcJ-hSb61PR38WUmi3MK_S4i7EadPHeoYLS8582b664ZguwBDH1GLLjEmVopGcfKoZrFKRSvhYez5w4EONbO0_iLT8GVCh8wvTXdRiq4DTWDKfEC8auvdd-9kJTninvt8Gyvk/s1600/Plan+Voisin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" height="215" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimKfFvQ4UcJ-hSb61PR38WUmi3MK_S4i7EadPHeoYLS8582b664ZguwBDH1GLLjEmVopGcfKoZrFKRSvhYez5w4EONbO0_iLT8GVCh8wvTXdRiq4DTWDKfEC8auvdd-9kJTninvt8Gyvk/s400/Plan+Voisin.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Le Corbusier, Plan Voisin, Paris 1920</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjciHIhBAtveNJr05sCdDHboyBI910Y1HMA1tDHww3e7XeK-qqYnjSIe72cmaWnTXHro_PbYhub7OUqP1T5MUk4k6LNXmc8PwubtmCKjERoxQvjzbVTij5oSW7WiWIotoyhDlT4R6MOrX4/s1600/rem-lav-7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjciHIhBAtveNJr05sCdDHboyBI910Y1HMA1tDHww3e7XeK-qqYnjSIe72cmaWnTXHro_PbYhub7OUqP1T5MUk4k6LNXmc8PwubtmCKjERoxQvjzbVTij5oSW7WiWIotoyhDlT4R6MOrX4/s400/rem-lav-7.jpg" width="308" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Rem Koolhaas, Parc de La Villette, France 1982</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_6Ln4Dl5ApzszQWd_n5ZU4-PxjtIAFpiFLjPnzvW0yL9LjdcleovOxbjNGpHGYD2PzaAfr9TRDpJ_sROzc72ah91E4IfcCnIckq3RDG4WE600eBuKV41sZvymhvjVMjkEguJY-bVzsNc/s1600/Roberto+Burle+Marx%252C+Parque+Del+Este%252C+Caracas%252C+Venezuela%252C+1956+.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_6Ln4Dl5ApzszQWd_n5ZU4-PxjtIAFpiFLjPnzvW0yL9LjdcleovOxbjNGpHGYD2PzaAfr9TRDpJ_sROzc72ah91E4IfcCnIckq3RDG4WE600eBuKV41sZvymhvjVMjkEguJY-bVzsNc/s400/Roberto+Burle+Marx%252C+Parque+Del+Este%252C+Caracas%252C+Venezuela%252C+1956+.jpg" width="341" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_6Ln4Dl5ApzszQWd_n5ZU4-PxjtIAFpiFLjPnzvW0yL9LjdcleovOxbjNGpHGYD2PzaAfr9TRDpJ_sROzc72ah91E4IfcCnIckq3RDG4WE600eBuKV41sZvymhvjVMjkEguJY-bVzsNc/s1600/Roberto+Burle+Marx%252C+Parque+Del+Este%252C+Caracas%252C+Venezuela%252C+1956+.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">R</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">oberto Burle Marx, Parque Del Este, Caracas, Venezuela, 1956</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-qJq475k8ZtoTJxUpUGuiAt8FixjtlxjWM1ufVGozvAX2QsvRy2hHoMilnQlcWwHDQgLw9QHWaCd5wYxxCaLm2wCrCyyBHiSYyLIMimjMZN0w1WSLcy0u_kj7j4o-dx1yn4WuzPRVhQI/s1600/Rockefeller+Center%252C+New+York%252C+New+York+.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-qJq475k8ZtoTJxUpUGuiAt8FixjtlxjWM1ufVGozvAX2QsvRy2hHoMilnQlcWwHDQgLw9QHWaCd5wYxxCaLm2wCrCyyBHiSYyLIMimjMZN0w1WSLcy0u_kj7j4o-dx1yn4WuzPRVhQI/s400/Rockefeller+Center%252C+New+York%252C+New+York+.jpg" width="386" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div style="font: 12.0px Lucida Grande; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Rockefeller Center, New York, New York </span></div></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhR79JDj_tQGOzKOcziZ_GRbjDRoiueYHIQsNGL9rGr40lE-8eKdjC7n3Qt7lCD4mkR7D-INsYe5MAogq3TvUgZpTlG8DjIW7MvQJSOubaC8hxji10uA1JDO-pXbjef5bZZsGfDMGxU0MQ/s1600/Sir+Edwin+Lutyens%252C+Plan+of+Imperial+Delhi%252C+India%252C+1912-1930+.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhR79JDj_tQGOzKOcziZ_GRbjDRoiueYHIQsNGL9rGr40lE-8eKdjC7n3Qt7lCD4mkR7D-INsYe5MAogq3TvUgZpTlG8DjIW7MvQJSOubaC8hxji10uA1JDO-pXbjef5bZZsGfDMGxU0MQ/s400/Sir+Edwin+Lutyens%252C+Plan+of+Imperial+Delhi%252C+India%252C+1912-1930+.jpg" width="300" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div style="font: 12.0px Lucida Grande; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Sir Edwin Lutyens, Plan of Imperial Delhi, India, 1912-1930 </span></div></div>Sandra Fremhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16087381306984010856noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5270271979734698893.post-7475665580872962452011-06-18T22:31:00.000-07:002011-06-20T01:21:40.472-07:00temporary architecture<div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Voronoi is a temporary pavilion for relaxation in the context of <b><a href="http://www.kernelfestival.net/">Kernel Festival 2011</a></b>, set in the park of Villa Tetoni Travesi Desio, Italy. the pavilion dwells on the use of solar energy, and provides settings for relaxation and sharing. Here is our take on it*.</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgq8fG6Frm7uBTD53qD9CQCyVdGiM4GHNr54AV4GyIDAR3pp-sZmZaSdwXNCOs8cwe_L0kaqVEVWoSkqy8iLY3E1PAD8P8UeiVwTAuO5-jjquST4t-X0YoAuBGAU1-GkqbcGyqnFAv3eo8/s1600/1blog.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgq8fG6Frm7uBTD53qD9CQCyVdGiM4GHNr54AV4GyIDAR3pp-sZmZaSdwXNCOs8cwe_L0kaqVEVWoSkqy8iLY3E1PAD8P8UeiVwTAuO5-jjquST4t-X0YoAuBGAU1-GkqbcGyqnFAv3eo8/s1600/1blog.jpg" /></a></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgu-bO5qrvo5Agj4CqP5FUf9Xf2tAbQm9ZZb9GOtabqemqwZnNy_ss81WF6APJy2DJN1xt4JI88sAVhuzsmSRd5S1qqrOGo-udyUChpEefcGH9lnxjyMUOC9yevjZhuLMtQFNV5vbxO7lc/s1600/2blog.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgu-bO5qrvo5Agj4CqP5FUf9Xf2tAbQm9ZZb9GOtabqemqwZnNy_ss81WF6APJy2DJN1xt4JI88sAVhuzsmSRd5S1qqrOGo-udyUChpEefcGH9lnxjyMUOC9yevjZhuLMtQFNV5vbxO7lc/s1600/2blog.jpg" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgq_8pnBnqLkIcCqNvQZd-d5ZRamkESMvA8Th-IAkQtOY-PfEXdyNauFHvoAUdecgqjH_GWY_O3SxQylpXUV76I_sbgwU81R5e7HpiicSp6NejWnUe0CNFeGj0ED4xlJlY6N94wRPM2YhY/s1600/3BLOG.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgq_8pnBnqLkIcCqNvQZd-d5ZRamkESMvA8Th-IAkQtOY-PfEXdyNauFHvoAUdecgqjH_GWY_O3SxQylpXUV76I_sbgwU81R5e7HpiicSp6NejWnUe0CNFeGj0ED4xlJlY6N94wRPM2YhY/s1600/3BLOG.jpg" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal">The pavilion is made from four complementary systems, based on a voronoi geometry: a structural grid, a roof, a serie of nests and two cores.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">The structural grid is a trellis that acts as the backbone of the pavilion. It supports the floating roof and the suspended nests.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">The roof geometry is made of pvc profiles and fabric, peaking in areas to orient specific faces southward, outfitted with a solar panel, a microprocessor and led rope lighting. The advantage of using solar power allows the roof to become a lighting installation at night. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">The nests are suspended cushions that fuse the concept of hamac and day beds. They occupy each a cell of the voronoi grid, are approached only from the park. Small and medium cells are individual nests oriented to the park, large cells are communal benches oriented to a projection space.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">The cores form the inner cells of the voronoi. They are made of vertical arrangement of PVC tubes and form the projection space of communal spaces.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">The result is an architectural and programmatic arrangement that allows different uses and appearances between day and night.</span><o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">* competition entry in collaboration with <u><a href="http://boulosdouaihy.blogspot.com/">Boulos Douaihy</a></u>.</span></div>Sandra Fremhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16087381306984010856noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5270271979734698893.post-82157170152599368532011-06-03T05:49:00.000-07:002011-06-03T06:03:11.025-07:00Nicosia<div style="text-align: justify;">I had the pleasure to be invited to Nicosia University's Architecture School for final reviews. I was positively surprised by the school, the students' work and the city. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3KX1uRiTkoVqPJ-u7nSVIgWBARsZM17fXpW86RzLrIbFccvtn_Ufmw7X5h5WpJrckmqkaKWZA1zZmZ_ypyNWR7clPZ_Ah9KJekpYZUkmelW5oVfRcIvrCbl-3EWPKpfwgGlKtchJGFDY/s1600/IMG00220-20110518-1305.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3KX1uRiTkoVqPJ-u7nSVIgWBARsZM17fXpW86RzLrIbFccvtn_Ufmw7X5h5WpJrckmqkaKWZA1zZmZ_ypyNWR7clPZ_Ah9KJekpYZUkmelW5oVfRcIvrCbl-3EWPKpfwgGlKtchJGFDY/s1600/IMG00220-20110518-1305.jpg" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHLzuOkMfaGxfVYY7s-_qNDZ0dz_wJv31lWATllqFLV-IyIZMnCs9nZ3auqFm6s_DSc4aXvSxtSKtZLPz2_l8SI4Tdpg2mXLdgiIFs7RfmW2jmxTiu5UImEhSNCNri8hCUXC8X-H_zgDU/s1600/IMG00223-20110518-1421.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHLzuOkMfaGxfVYY7s-_qNDZ0dz_wJv31lWATllqFLV-IyIZMnCs9nZ3auqFm6s_DSc4aXvSxtSKtZLPz2_l8SI4Tdpg2mXLdgiIFs7RfmW2jmxTiu5UImEhSNCNri8hCUXC8X-H_zgDU/s1600/IMG00223-20110518-1421.jpg" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">I have to say that my surprise came when searching for city maps. Here is what i found. Division never seemed more futile, especially when this small city is daily confronted to its others.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiudVHU8lGhyphenhyphen6UQJpg8GeLaNk6pWcpt0ibDMRUFNm7csTP74TkfkGXO8zTQmNJJJimATq89FwujC2VwATI0UAASgOVo_2vdIa6_TU7bIBEHK_Ttv2HFuuwScqemktvM_3mNFEnMuI7liiA/s1600/F1.large.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="398" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiudVHU8lGhyphenhyphen6UQJpg8GeLaNk6pWcpt0ibDMRUFNm7csTP74TkfkGXO8zTQmNJJJimATq89FwujC2VwATI0UAASgOVo_2vdIa6_TU7bIBEHK_Ttv2HFuuwScqemktvM_3mNFEnMuI7liiA/s400/F1.large.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGMF2fWRZMvxa94oRI508WxXHOs4nniiUFMVIScyvmPnyThEXR0ps1cGFBycnDfpXqr9QyLEwznyjmiLPpvQX9g4CchV-YxoAfXXujsKa6wgu1DIpBNYo0z6MPOdiD_1WqNd0mB7G_fFI/s1600/map-of-nicosia-a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGMF2fWRZMvxa94oRI508WxXHOs4nniiUFMVIScyvmPnyThEXR0ps1cGFBycnDfpXqr9QyLEwznyjmiLPpvQX9g4CchV-YxoAfXXujsKa6wgu1DIpBNYo0z6MPOdiD_1WqNd0mB7G_fFI/s1600/map-of-nicosia-a.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1zsjasKbupqaCIeQNDGdY5m3Dv41-LFsjHfHYO3W6oDkTwXMtoWQfidJDHlaqBBXeX7q6LalPC69RzhNFLyJzkqB07DHBEELSYJH-7F7p7n4nRLNzc16DpKls2cqTh4x5RBpZ6_NZMIw/s1600/nicosia+map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1zsjasKbupqaCIeQNDGdY5m3Dv41-LFsjHfHYO3W6oDkTwXMtoWQfidJDHlaqBBXeX7q6LalPC69RzhNFLyJzkqB07DHBEELSYJH-7F7p7n4nRLNzc16DpKls2cqTh4x5RBpZ6_NZMIw/s1600/nicosia+map.jpg" /></a></div>Sandra Fremhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16087381306984010856noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5270271979734698893.post-22382507703255285952011-06-02T12:48:00.000-07:002011-06-03T06:02:21.617-07:00the right to movement<div class="separator" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><a href="http://www.multiplicity.it/"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifzFCKXAih0agWKI0IoB1bvPiYqhmn4ZDRYk648Tj48wCYK92t-OsulJrRFsqV_fxxfQwxwgLIfFHMonGjsADboh5Q5Ag19dTn-Kx8cwGDMmgO8QU2OFpgKvxD_a46Dx0FivrCS0IkJTg/s1600/multiplicity.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: justify;">i am increasingly finding the limitation of movement to "third world" subjects a tacit expression of discrimination. The boundaries of the us, canada, australia, uk and european union start at the door of their offshore embassies. Constraints are established by requesting more documents, proofs, funding, itineraries that are suitable of immigration applications. Patience and compliance is a prerequisite to the process with the grand prize of getting to destination. I reflect on this fact as I applied last month to a shenghen visa, and to a visa to Cyprus (yes!). ironic to think that this walling behavior is exactly what pushes people to consider immigration, in order to avoid such situations, if they have the right passport. i am constantly tempted to cancel vacation trips to avoid stress and the burdening process of a visa beforehand. or while i'm at it, keep going to turkey ( they don't ask for visas). Control of movement is something apartheid and colonial planning have constantly deployed as a latent tool of limitation(see <u><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=k9h6QgAACAAJ&dq=eyal+weizman&hl=en&ei=_tnoTYDYG8mn8QOB_MCbAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA">here</a>, <a href="http://prospect.org/cs/articles?article=road_map_to_grand_apartheid">here</a></u> and <u><a href="http://www.citichat.co.za/2010/06/partheid.html">here</a>)</u>. Like the right to the city, the right to movement is something one needs to claim. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><br />
</div>Sandra Fremhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16087381306984010856noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5270271979734698893.post-51313878286456174362011-05-19T02:23:00.000-07:002011-05-19T02:23:35.805-07:00Mapping Smell<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2009/08/29/opinion/20090829-smell-map-feature.html?th&emc=th"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRBtLEeXyNxAFOJUNKAFwgTh_hyphenhyphenR75Njn8zsqvHJ6q3L7VUH0jS20QjUBZFbqJgqFsTTgMGgxbGmgifpUhpkHRyODS5C6oz5zky0yegI4r2ffcRi6BNXQYTu9Y_JBWnXdHsaithnJeVjg/s1600/Picture+2.png" /></a></div>Sandra Fremhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16087381306984010856noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5270271979734698893.post-30414258692565099432011-05-13T14:46:00.000-07:002011-09-04T21:41:24.281-07:00The High Cost of Living in Beirut<div style="text-align: justify;">
A strike was set today in Beirut to protest the increasingly high cost of living. The inflation which took place since 2005 and rocketed after 2007 moved the then middle class to low-income status. The economical miracle that held Lebanon steady during the global crisis of 2009 anchored this inflation, as expats and gulf money poured in local real estate and banks. Buying a house today is something that needs considerable savings, now that Beirut is ranked the 10th most expensive city in the world in real-estate (see <u><a href="http://www.dailystar.com.lb/Business/Lebanon/Sep/07/Beirut-10th-most-expensive-city-in-the-world-for-expat-housing.ashx#axzz1MGhUhhLP">here</a></u>, <u><a href="http://www.ansamed.info/en/libano/news/ME.XEF75476.html">here</a></u> and <u><a href="http://www.newzglobe.com/article/20110111/beirut-most-expensive-arab-city">here</a></u>).</div>
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However, the GDP did not increase with the price rise, and economists are puzzled how low income people can manage to live.</div>
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To make things worse, civil unrest in Syria has started to shake the economy, which has been declining since the beginning of 2011.</div>
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Having lived in Boston and Beirut, i could say that Boston is as expensive as Beirut* ( Boston is one of the most expensive cities in the US), except that<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> the GDP per capita in Lebanon is </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">$10,300</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"> versus $46000 in the US</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">. (see <u><a href="http://www.indexmundi.com/map/?v=67">indexmundi</a></u>) </span></div>
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As a way of assessing the impact of both cities on my lifestyle & living costs, i made a very basic comparative study** of Beirut and Boston based on my daily expenses: food, commute, rent and bills.</div>
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As a disclaimer, my living conditions have changed: I shop now for two in Beirut instead of one in Boston. I also switched from biking/walking to work (20 mn commuting trip) to car (2 hours trip). But in a way, this also account to the impact of both cities' of dictating a certain lifestyle and the cost that comes with it.</div>
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<b>Food:</b>***</div>
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Beirut: 60$ weekly groceries at TSC -Beirut</div>
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Boston: 40$ groceries at Trader Joe's in Boston.</div>
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(I get organic food and better quality at Trader Joe's for the same price).</div>
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<b>Commute:</b></div>
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Beirut: some 240$/month fuel for my Jounieh Hamra commute.</div>
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Boston: 40$/ month T-pass in Boston + 40$/couple of late-night cabs +my bike</div>
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<b>Rent:</b></div>
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Beirut: free accommodation ( Thank God for parents!)</div>
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Boston: 500$ for a room.</div>
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(Rent starts from 500$/month in the same apt-building i live in. the more it gets closer to Beirut, the higher. In closer suburbs like Bsalim, Antelias, Dekwaneh and Sin El Fil, average prices range between 1200$ and 1500$ a month)</div>
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<b>Bills:</b></div>
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Beirut: 60-70$ Mobile ( without internet), 20$ landline, 30$ electricity, 140$ moteur, 40$ for the worst internet connection in the world, 30$ for drinking water.</div>
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Boston: 40$ Mobile, 40$ internet connection, 75$ electricity ( 125$ in winter), free drinking water.</div>
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<b>Total:</b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Beirut: 730$ excluding rent</div>
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Boston: 775$ incl rent.</div>
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* This <u><a href="http://www.expatistan.com/cost-of-living/comparison/boston/beirut?">link</a></u> says that Beirut is cheaper 37% than Boston. This other <u><a href="http://www.dailystar.com.lb/Business/Lebanon/2011/Aug-26/Monopolies-make-Lebanon-the-worst-country-for-inflation-report.ashx#axzz1X39BltcI">link</a></u> says Lebanon is more expensive than all Arab countries.</div>
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**I have not expanded in this comparison the costs of entertainment & shopping (really subjective), education (exhorbitant in Lebanon in relation to GDP), health care, and the cost/impact of indirect factors on physical and mental health (quality of living, air and water quality, sustainable mobility, availability of public green space, ect...).</div>
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**Looking at the <u><a href="http://www.fao.org/worldfoodsituation/wfs-home/foodpricesindex/en/">World Food Price Index</a></u>, one could trace parallels between the increase of food prices and the major political and social revolutions that rocked the Arab region this spring, as brilliantly highlighted in this <u><a href="http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/04/25/the_new_geopolitics_of_food?page=full">article</a></u>.</div>
Sandra Fremhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16087381306984010856noreply@blogger.com2